Carbon-lead blends for use in hybrid energy storage devices

Abstract

The present application is directed to blends comprising a plurality of carbon particles and a plurality of lead particles. The blends find utility in any number of electrical devices, for example, in lead acid batteries. Methods for making and using the blends are also disclosed.

1 . (canceled) 
     
     
         2 . A blend comprising a plurality of carbon particles and a plurality of lead particles, wherein the carbon particles comprise lead within a pore structure or on a surface of the carbon particles. 
     
     
         3 . A blend comprising a plurality of carbon particles and a plurality of lead particles. 
     
     
         4 . The blend of  claim 3 , wherein the blend comprises a total of less than 500 PPM of elements having atomic numbers ranging from 11 to 92, excluding lead, as measured by proton induced x-ray emission. 
     
     
         5 - 9 . (canceled) 
     
     
         10 . The blend of  claim 3 , wherein the lead is in elemental form or in the form of lead (II) oxide, lead (IV) oxide, lead acetate, lead carbonate, lead sulfate, lead orthoarsenate, lead pyroarsenate, lead bromide, lead caprate, lead carproate, lead caprylate, lead chlorate, lead chloride, lead fluoride, lead nitrate, lead oxychloride, lead orthophosphate sulfate, lead chromate, lead chromate, basic, lead ferrite, lead sulfide, lead tungstate or combinations thereof. 
     
     
         11 - 12 . (canceled) 
     
     
         13 . The blend of  claim 3 , wherein the mass percent of carbon particles as a percentage of the total mass of carbon particles and lead particles ranges from 0.1% to 50%. 
     
     
         14 . (canceled) 
     
     
         15 . The blend of  claim 3 , wherein the volume percent of carbon particles as a percentage of the total volume of carbon particles and lead ranges from 0.1% to 50%. 
     
     
         16 - 17 . (canceled) 
     
     
         18 . The blend of  claim 3 , wherein the surface area percent of carbon particles as a percentage of the total surface area of carbon particles and lead particles ranges from 0.1% to 50%. 
     
     
         19 . The blend of  claim 3 , wherein the carbon particle surface area residing in pores less than 20 angstroms as a percentage of the total surface area residing in pores less than 20 angstroms of carbon particles and lead particles ranges from 20% to 60%. 
     
     
         20 . (canceled) 
     
     
         21 . The blend of  claim 3 , wherein the volume average particle size of carbon particles relative to the volume average particle size of lead particles ranges from 0.01:1 to 100:1. 
     
     
         22 - 33 . (canceled) 
     
     
         34 . The blend of  claim 4 , wherein the carbon particles comprise less than 5 ppm chromium, less than 10 ppm iron, less than 5 ppm nickel, less than 20 ppm silicon, less than 5 ppm zinc, and bismuth, silver, copper, mercury, manganese, platinum, antimony and tin are not detected as measured by proton induced x-ray emission. 
     
     
         35 - 42 . (canceled) 
     
     
         43 . The blend of  claim 3 , wherein the carbon particles comprise a BET specific surface area of at least 1000 m 2 /g. 
     
     
         44 - 47 . (canceled) 
     
     
         48 . The blend of  claim 3 , wherein the carbon particles comprise a total pore volume of at least 0.5 cc/g. 
     
     
         49 . The blend of  claim 3 , wherein the carbon particles comprise a DFT pore volume of at least 0.25 cc/g for pores less than 20 angstroms. 
     
     
         50 . The blend of  claim 3 , wherein the carbon particles comprise a DFT pore volume of at least 0.75 cc/g for pores greater than 20 angstroms. 
     
     
         51 - 55 . (canceled) 
     
     
         56 . The blend of  claim 3 , wherein the carbon particles comprise a pore volume ranging from 0.4 cc/g to 1.4 cc/g and an R factor of 0.2 or less at relative humidities ranging from about 10% to 100%. 
     
     
         57 - 64 . (canceled) 
     
     
         65 . The blend of  claim 3 , wherein the carbon particles are acidic. 
     
     
         66 . (canceled) 
     
     
         67 . The blend of  claim 3 , wherein the carbon particles are basic. 
     
     
         68 . An electrical energy storage device comprising a blend of  claim 3 . 
     
     
         69 - 73 . (canceled) 
     
     
         74 . An electrode comprising a binder and a blend of  claim 3 . 
     
     
         75 - 82 . (canceled) 
     
     
         83 . A composition comprising the blend of  claim 3  and an electrolyte. 
     
     
         84 - 93 . (canceled)