Associative polymers and related compositions, methods and systems

Abstract

Described herein are associative polymers capable of controlling one or more physical and/or chemical properties of non-polar compositions and related compositions, methods and systems.

1 . An associative polymer comprising:
 a linear, branched, or hyperbranched polymer backbone having at least two ends and a functional group presented at two or more ends of the at least two ends of the backbone;   wherein the linear, branched, or hyperbranched polymer backbone is substantially soluble in a non-polar composition, and the functional groups is capable of undergoing an associative interaction with another functional group with an association constant (k) of from 0.1<log 10 k<18.   
     
     
         2 . The associative polymer of  claim 1 , in which the associative polymer has a weight averaged molecular weight equal to or lower than about 2,000,000 g/mol. 
     
     
         3 . The associative polymer of  claim 1 , in which the associative polymer has a weight averaged molecular weight is equal to or lower than about 2,000,000 g/mol and/or a M w  equal to or higher than about 100,000 g/mol. 
     
     
         4 . The associative polymer of  claim 1 , in which the associative polymer has a weight averaged molecular weight is between about 100,000 g/mol and about 1,000,000 g/mol. 
     
     
         5 . The associative polymer of  claim 1 , wherein the functional group is a carboxylic acid and the other functional group is a carboxylic acid, or the functional group is a carboxylic acid and the other functional group is an amine, or the functional group is an alcohols and the other functional group is an amine, or the functional group is an alcohol and the another functional group is a carboxylic acid, or the functional group is a diacetamidopyridine and the another functional group is a thymine, or the functional group is a Hamilton Receptor and the another functional group is a cyanuric acid. 
     
     
         6 . The associative polymer of  claim 1 , wherein the another functional groups is presented at at least one end of the at least two ends of a same associative polymer. 
     
     
         7 . The associative polymer of  claim 1 , wherein the another functional groups is presented at at least one end of a different associative polymer. 
     
     
         8 . The associative polymer of  claim 1 , having a structural unit of formula [[FG-chain-[node](I) and optionally the structural unit of formula node chain]-(II)
 wherein:
 FG is a functional group, which can comprise one or more associative moieties such that the functional group are capable of undergoing an associative interaction with another with an association constant (k) in a range from 0.1<log 10  k<18; 
 chain is a non-polar polymer substantially soluble in a non-polar composition, the polymer having formula (III):
   R 1 -[A] n R 2   (III)
 
 
 wherein:
 A is a chemical moiety; 
 R 1  and R 2  are independently selected from any carbon based or organic group; and 
 n is an integer≥1; 
 node is a covalently linked moiety linking one of R 1  and R 2  of at least one first chain with one of the R 1  and R 2  of at least one second chain; 
 
 and wherein 
 the FG, chain and node of different structural units of the polymer can be the same or different. 
 
 
     
     
         9 . The associative polymer of  claim 8 , wherein the functional group is selected from diacetamidopyridine group, thymine group, Hamilton Receptor group, cyanuric acid group, carboxylic acid group, primary secondary or tertiary amine group, primary secondary and tertiary alcohol group. 
     
     
         10 . The associative polymer of  claim 8 , wherein A is be a diene, olefin, styrene, acrylonitrile, methyl methacrylate, vinyl acetate, dichlorodimethylsilane, tetrafluoroethylene, acids, esters, amides, amines, glycidyl ethers, isocyanates. 
     
     
         11 . The associative polymer of  claim 8 , wherein n is equal to or greater than 200 or equal to or greater than 800. 
     
     
         12 . The associative polymer of  claim 11 , wherein R 1  and R 2  are independently substituted or unsubstituted methine or methylene groups. 
     
     
         13 . A non-polar composition comprising:
 a host composition having a dielectric constant equal to or less than about 5 and   at least one associative polymer of  claim 1 , soluble in the host composition,   
       wherein the at least one associative polymer herein described is comprised in the host composition in a concentration between from about 0.1c* to about 10c* wherein 
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   c 
                   * 
                 
                 = 
                 
                   
                     3 
                      
                     
                       M 
                       w 
                     
                   
                   
                     4 
                      
                     
                       
                         π 
                          
                         
                           ( 
                           
                             R 
                             g 
                             2 
                           
                           ) 
                         
                       
                       
                         3 
                         / 
                         2 
                       
                     
                      
                     
                       N 
                       a 
                     
                   
                 
               
               , 
             
           
         
       
       wherein M w  is the weight averaged molecular weight, R g  is the radius of gyration, and N a  is Avogadro's constant. 
     
     
         14 . The non-polar composition of  claim 13 , wherein the host composition is a hydrocarbon composition, a fluorocarbon compositions or a silicone composition. 
     
     
         15 . The non-polar composition of  claim 13 , wherein the host composition is pentane, hexane, cyclohexane, benzene, toluene, chloroform and diethyl ether, liquefied petroleum gas, liquid methane, butane, gasoline, kerosene, jet fuel and diesel fuel. 
     
     
         16 . The non-polar composition of  claim 13 , wherein the concentration is between 0.5c* to 2c*. 
     
     
         17 . The non-polar composition of  claim 13 , wherein the concentration is less than approximately C*. 
     
     
         18 . The non-polar composition of  claim 13 , wherein the concentration is between 0.1c* and 0.5c*. 
     
     
         19 . The non-polar composition of  claim 13 , wherein the concentration is below or approximately equal c*. 
     
     
         20 . The non-polar composition of  claim 13 , wherein the concentration is between 0.05c* to c*. 
     
     
         21 . The non-polar composition of  claim 13 , wherein the concentration is greater than c*. 
     
     
         22 . The non-polar composition of  claim 13 , wherein the concentration is between 2c* to 10c*. 
     
     
         23 . A method to control a physical and/or chemical property in a non-polar composition comprising
 providing a host composition having a dielectric constant equal to or less than about 5;   providing at least one associative polymer of  claim 1  soluble in the host composition; determining an overlap concentration c* for the at least one associative polymer;   determining a concentration c of the at least one associative polymer in the host composition, the concentration c selected between from about 0.1c* to about 10c* depending a physical and/or chemical property to be controlled; and   combining the host composition and the at least one associative polymer herein described at the selected concentration c.   
     
     
         24 . The method of  claim 23  wherein the concentration c is between 0.5c* to 2c* and the physical and/or chemical property is mist control. 
     
     
         25 . The method of  claim 23  wherein the concentration c is less than approximately c* and the physical and/or chemical property is fuel efficiency. 
     
     
         26 . The method of  claim 23  wherein the concentration c is between 0.1c* and 0.5c* and the physical and/or chemical property is fuel efficiency. 
     
     
         27 . The method of  claim 23  wherein the concentration c is below or approximately equal c* and the physical and/or chemical property is drag reduction and/or enhanced lubrication. 
     
     
         28 . The method of  claim 23  wherein the concentration c is between 0.05c* to c* and the physical and/or chemical property is drag reduction and/or enhanced lubrication. 
     
     
         29 . The method of  claim 23  wherein the concentration c is greater than c* and the physical and/or chemical property is converting a liquid into a gel. 
     
     
         30 . The method of  claim 23  wherein the concentration c is between 2c* to 10c* and the physical and/or chemical property is converting a liquid into a gel. 
     
     
         31 . A method to provide an associative polymer, the method comprising
 providing a linear, branched or hyperbranched polymer backbone substantially soluble in a non-polar composition having at least two ends; and   attaching at two or more ends of the at least two ends of the linear, branched, or hyperbranched backbone a functional group capable of undergoing an associative interaction with another with an the association constant (k) of from 0.1<log 10  k<18, so that the strength of each associative interaction is less than that of a covalent bond between atoms.   
     
     
         32 . A system or controlling a physical and/or chemical property in an non-polar composition, the system comprising at least two between at least one associative polymer of  claim 1  and at least one host composition having a dielectric constant equal to or less than 5.