Double-side friction stir welding method and double-side friction stir welding device for metal sheets or metal plates

Abstract

Provided is a double-side friction stir welding method of metal sheets or metal plates to each other, and a double-side friction stir device for performing the double-side friction stir welding. According to the present invention, a pair of rotating tools facing each other is respectively arranged on a top-surface side and a bottom-surface side of a butted portion or an overlapping portion, which comprises a joint portion of two metal sheets or two metal plates, the pair of rotating tools is moved in a welding direction while being rotated at the butted portion or the overlapping portion, and while the metal sheets or the metal plates are softened by frictional heat generated between the rotating tools and the metal sheets or the metal plates, softened parts are stirred by the rotating tools to produce a plastic flow to join the metal sheets or the metal plates to each other.

1 . A double-side friction stir welding method in which a pair of rotating tools facing each other is respectively disposed on a top-surface side and a bottom-surface side of a butted portion or an overlapping portion, which comprises a joint portion of two metal sheets or two metal plates; the pair of rotating tools are moved in a welding direction while being rotated at the butted portion or the overlapping portion; and while the metal sheets or the metal plates are softened by frictional heat generated between the rotating tools and the metal sheets or the metal plates, softened parts are stirred by the rotating tools to produce a plastic flow to join the metal sheets or the metal plates to each other, wherein
 each of the pair of rotating tools includes a shoulder part and a pin part that is disposed at the shoulder part and that along with the shoulder part includes a common rotation axis, and at least the shoulder parts and the pin parts are made of materials that are harder than materials of the metal sheets or the metal plates,   while the metal sheets or the metal plates are fixed by a gripping device, the pair of rotating tools is respectively pushed against a top surface and a bottom surface of each metal sheet or metal plate, and the rotating tools are moved in the welding direction while being rotated, and   a gap G (mm) between the shoulder parts that is formed by providing a gap g (mm) between ends of the pin parts of the pair of respective rotating tools with respect to a thickness t (mm) of each metal sheet or metal plate or a total thickness t (mm) of the overlapped metal sheets or the overlapped metal plates satisfies
   0.5× t≤G≤t , and
 
   the pair of rotating tools Is further rotated in opposite directions to perform the friction stir welding.   
     
     
         2 . A double-side friction stir welding method in which a pair of rotating tools facing each other is respectively disposed on a top-surface side and a bottom-surface side of a butted portion or an overlapping portion, which comprises a joint portion of two metal sheets or two metal plates; the pair of rotating tools Is moved in a welding direction while being rotated at the butted portion or the overlapping portion; and while the metal sheets or the metal plates are softened by frictional heat generated between the rotating tools and the metal sheets or the metal plates, softened parts are stirred by the rotating tools to produce a plastic flow to join the metal sheets or the metal plates to each other, wherein
 each of the pair of rotating tools Includes a shoulder part and a pin part that is disposed at the shoulder part and that along with the shoulder part includes a common rotation axis, and at least the shoulder parts and the pin parts are made of materials that are harder than materials of the metal sheets or the metal plates,   while the metal sheets or the metal plates are fixed by a gripping device, the pair of rotating tools is pushed against a top surface and a bottom surface of each metal sheet or metal plate, the rotating tools are moved in the welding direction while being rotated, and   the rotation axes of the pair of respective rotating tools are inclined at an inclination angle α (°) on a preceding side with respect to the welding direction from a vertical direction with respect to the metal sheets or the metal plates, the inclination angle α satisfies
   0<α≤3, and
 
   a gap G (mm) between the shoulder parts that is formed by providing a gap g (mm) between ends of the pin parts of the pair of respective rotating tools with respect to a thickness t (mm) of each metal sheet or metal plate or a total thickness t (mm) of the overlapped metal sheets or the overlapped metal plates and a diameter D (mm) of the shoulder part of each rotating tool satisfies
   (0.5× t )−(0.2× D ×sin α)≤ G≤t −(0.2× D ×sin α), and
 
   the pair of rotating tools is further rotated in opposite directions to perform the friction stir welding.   
     
     
         3 . The double-side friction stir welding method according to  claim 1 , wherein the diameter D (mm) of each shoulder part with respect to the thickness t (mm) of each metal sheet or metal plate or the total thickness t (mm) of the overlapped metal sheets or the overlapped metal plates satisfies
   4× t≤D≤ 20× t.  
   
     
     
         4 . The double-side friction stir welding method according to  claim 1 , wherein the gap g (mm) with respect to the thickness t (mm) of each metal sheet or metal plate or the total thickness t (mm) of the overlapped metal sheets or the overlapped metal plates and the diameter D (mm) of the shoulder part of each rotating tool satisfies
   [0.1−0.09×exp{−0.011×( D/t ) 2 }]× t≤g ≤[1−0.9×exp{−0.011×( D/t ) 2 }]× t.  
   
     
     
         5 . (canceled) 
     
     
         6 . (canceled) 
     
     
         7 . (canceled) 
     
     
         8 . (canceled) 
     
     
         9 . A double-side friction stir welding device in which a pair of rotating tools facing each other is respectively disposed on a top-surface side and a bottom-surface side of a butted portion or an overlapping portion, which comprises a joint portion of two metal sheets or two metal plates; the pair of rotating tools is moved in a welding direction while being rotated at the butted portion or the overlapping portion; and while the metal sheets or the metal plates are softened by frictional heat generated between the rotating tools and the metal sheets or the metal plates, softened parts are stirred by the rotating tools to produce a plastic flow to join the metal sheets or the metal plates to each other, wherein
 each rotating tool includes a shoulder part and a pin part that Is disposed at the shoulder part and that along with the shoulder part includes a common rotation axis, and at least the shoulder parts and the pin parts are made of materials that are harder than materials of the metal sheets or the metal plates, and a gripping device that fixes the metal sheets or the metal plates while the pair of rotating tools are moved in the welding direction while being rotated is provided,   a gap G (mm) between the shoulder parts that is formed by providing a gap g (mm) between ends of the pin parts of the pair of respective rotating tools with respect to a thickness t (mm) of each metal sheet or metal plate or a total thickness t (mm) of the overlapped metal sheets or the overlapped metal plates satisfies
   0.5× t≤G≤t , and
 
   a rotation driving device that further rotates the pair of rotating tools in opposite directions is provided.   
     
     
         10 . A double-side friction stir welding device in which a pair of rotating tools facing each other Is respectively disposed on a top-surface side and a bottom-surface side of a butted portion or an overlapping portion, which comprises a joint portion of two metal sheets or two metal plates; the pair of rotating tools is moved in a welding direction while being rotated at the butted portion or the overlapping portion; and while the metal sheets or the metal plates are softened by frictional heat generated between the rotating tools and the metal sheets or the metal plates, softened parts are stirred by the rotating tools to produce a plastic flow to join the metal sheets or the metal plates to each other, wherein
 each rotating tool includes a shoulder part and a pin part that is disposed at the shoulder part and that along with the shoulder part includes a common rotation axis, at least the shoulder parts and the pin parts are made of materials that are harder than materials of the metal sheets or the metal plates, and a gripping device that fixes the metal sheets or the metal plates while the pair of rotating tools are moved in the welding direction while being rotated Is provided,   the rotation axes of the pair of respective rotating tools is inclined at an inclination angle α (°) on a preceding side with respect to the welding direction from a vertical direction with respect to the metal sheets or the metal plates, the Inclination angle α satisfies
   0<α≤3, and
 
   a gap G (mm) between the shoulder parts that is formed by providing a gap g (mm) between ends of the pin parts of the pair of respective rotating tools with respect to a thickness t (mm) of each metal sheet or metal plate or a total thickness t (mm) of the overlapped metal sheets or the overlapped metal plates and a diameter D (mm) of the shoulder part of each rotating tool satisfies
   (0.5× t )−(0.2× D ×sin α)≤ G≤t −(0.2× D ×sin α), and
 
   a rotation driving device that further rotates the pair of rotating tools in opposite directions Is provided.   
     
     
         11 . The double-side friction stir welding device according to  claim 9 , wherein the diameter D (mm) of each shoulder part with respect to the thickness t (mm) of each metal sheet or metal plate or the total thickness t (mm) of the overlapped metal sheets or metal plates satisfies
   4× t≤D≤ 20× t.  
   
     
     
         12 . The double-side friction stir welding device according to  claim 9 , wherein the gap g (mm) with respect to the thickness t (mm) of each metal sheet or metal plate or the total thickness t (mm) of the overlapped metal sheets or metal plates and the diameter D (mm) of the shoulder part of each rotating tool satisfies
   [0.1−0.09×exp{−0.011×( D/t ) 2 }]× t≤g ≤[1−0.9×exp{−0.011×( D/t ) 2 }]× t.  
   
     
     
         13 . (canceled) 
     
     
         14 . (canceled) 
     
     
         15 . (canceled) 
     
     
         16 . (canceled) 
     
     
         17 . The double-side friction stir welding method according to  claim 2 , wherein the diameter D (mm) of each shoulder part with respect to the thickness t (mm) of each metal sheet or metal plate or the total thickness t (mm) of the overlapped metal sheets or the overlapped metal plates satisfies
   4× t≤D≤ 20× t.  
   
     
     
         18 . The double-side friction stir welding method according to  claim 2 , wherein the gap g (mm) with respect to the thickness t (mm) of each metal sheet or metal plate or the total thickness t (mm) of the overlapped metal sheets or the overlapped metal plates and the diameter D (mm) of the shoulder part of each rotating tool satisfies
   [0.1−0.09×exp{−0.011×( D/t ) 2 }]× t≤g ≤[1−0.9×exp{−0.011×( D/t ) 2 }]× t.  
   
     
     
         19 . The double-side friction stir welding method according to  claim 3 , wherein the gap g (mm) with respect to the thickness t (mm) of each metal sheet or metal plate or the total thickness t (mm) of the overlapped metal sheets or the overlapped metal plates and the diameter D (mm) of the shoulder part of each rotating tool satisfies
   [0.1−0.09×exp{−0.011×( D/t ) 2 }]× t≤g ≤[1−0.9×exp{−0.011×( D/t ) 2 }]× t.  
   
     
     
         20 . The double-side friction stir welding method according to  claim 17 , wherein the gap g (mm) with respect to the thickness t (mm) of each metal sheet or metal plate or the total thickness t (mm) of the overlapped metal sheets or the overlapped metal plates and the diameter D (mm) of the shoulder part of each rotating tool satisfies
   [0.1−0.09×exp{−0.011×( D/t ) 2 }]× t≤g ≤[1−0.9×exp{−0.011×( D/t ) 2 }]× t.  
   
     
     
         21 . The double-side friction stir welding device according to  claim 10 , wherein the diameter D (mm) of each shoulder part with respect to the thickness t (mm) of each metal sheet or metal plate or the total thickness t (mm) of the overlapped metal sheets or metal plates satisfies
   4× t≤D≤ 20× t.  
   
     
     
         22 . The double-side friction stir welding device according to  claim 10 , wherein the gap g (mm) with respect to the thickness t (mm) of each metal sheet or metal plate or the total thickness t (mm) of the overlapped metal sheets or metal plates and the diameter D (mm) of the shoulder part of each rotating tool satisfies
   [0.1−0.09×exp{−0.011×( D/t ) 2 }]× t≤g ≤[1−0.9×exp{−0.011×( D/t ) 2 }]× t.  
   
     
     
         23 . The double-side friction stir welding device according to  claim 11 , wherein the gap g (mm) with respect to the thickness t (mm) of each metal sheet or metal plate or the total thickness t (mm) of the overlapped metal sheets or metal plates and the diameter D (mm) of the shoulder part of each rotating tool satisfies
   [0.1−0.09×exp{−0.011×( D/t ) 2 }]× t≤g ≤[1−0.9×exp{−0.011×( D/t ) 2 }]× t.  
   
     
     
         24 . The double-side friction stir welding device according to  claim 21 , wherein the gap g (mm) with respect to the thickness t (mm) of each metal sheet or metal plate or the total thickness t (mm) of the overlapped metal sheets or metal plates and the diameter D (mm) of the shoulder part of each rotating tool satisfies
   [0.1−0.09×exp{−0.011×( D/t ) 2 }]× t≤g ≤[1−0.9×exp{−0.011×( D/t ) 2 }]× t.