Power collector

Abstract

Embodiments provide a photovoltaic cell, including: a first conduction layer; a second conduction layer; a photonic absorption layer electrically coupled to the first conduction layer, the photonic absorption layer is tuned to absorb incident light at a first wavelength of the incident light to generate a first electric current along the first conduction layer; and a plasma-sonic layer electrically coupled to the photonic absorption layer and the second conduction layer, the plasma-sonic layer includes nanoparticles, the nanoparticles are tuned to a second wavelength of the incident light that induces electrons to oscillate at a surface of the nanoparticles.

1 . A photovoltaic cell, comprising:
 a first conduction layer;   a second conduction layer;   a photonic absorption layer electrically coupled to the first conduction layer, the photonic absorption layer is tuned to absorb incident light at a first wavelength of the incident light to generate a first electric current along the first conduction layer; and   a plasma-sonic layer electrically coupled to the photonic absorption layer and the second conduction layer, the plasma-sonic layer includes nanoparticles, the nanoparticles are tuned to a second wavelength of the incident light that induces electrons to oscillate at a surface of the nanoparticles.   
     
     
         2 . The photovoltaic cell of  claim 1 , wherein the second conduction layer is configured to capture the oscillating electrons along the surface of the nanoparticles to generate a second electric current. 
     
     
         3 . The photovoltaic cell of  claim 1 , wherein the first electric current is a direct current and the second electric current is an alternating current. 
     
     
         4 . The photovoltaic cell of  claim 1 , wherein the first conduction layer is electrically coupled to the second conduction layer. 
     
     
         5 . The photovoltaic cell of  claim 1 , further comprising a rectifier bridge configured to provide a same polarity of output with respect to reference ground for any polarity at a first input or second input, wherein the first input is electrically coupled to the second conduction layer and the second input is electrically coupled to the plasma-sonic layer. 
     
     
         6 . The photovoltaic cell of  claim 5 , wherein the rectifier bridge is a full-wave rectifier or a half-wave rectifier. 
     
     
         7 . The photovoltaic cell of  claim 5 , further comprising an energy cell electrically coupled across the output of the rectifier bridge and the reference ground. 
     
     
         8 . The photovoltaic cell of  claim 7 , wherein the rectifier bridge includes a diode reverse bias across the plasma-sonic layer and the energy cell. 
     
     
         9 . The photovoltaic cell of  claim 7 , wherein the energy cell is a nickel cadmium (NiCd) battery, nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) battery, lithium ion (Ii-on) battery, or a lithium polymer battery. 
     
     
         10 . The photovoltaic cell of  claim 7 , wherein the energy cell is a supercapacitor, an electrolytic capacitor, a ceramic capacitor, or a film capacitor. 
     
     
         11 . The photovoltaic cell of  claim 5 , wherein the rectifier bridge includes a first diode layer electrically coupled in reverse bias between the first conduction layer and the photonic absorption layer. 
     
     
         12 . The photovoltaic cell of  claim 5 , wherein the rectifier bridge includes a second diode layer electrically coupled in reverse bias between the second conduction layer and the plasma-sonic layer. 
     
     
         13 . The photovoltaic cell of  claim 1 , further comprising a substrate configured to hermetically seal the photonic absorption layer, the plasma-sonic layer, and the second conduction layer. 
     
     
         14 . The photovoltaic cell of  claim 1 , wherein one or both of the first conduction layer and the second conduction layer include graphene. 
     
     
         15 . The photovoltaic cell of  claim 14 , wherein the graphene is p-doped or n-doped. 
     
     
         16 . The photovoltaic cell of  claim 1 , wherein capturing the oscillating electrons along the surface of the nanoparticles causes a temperature of the second conduction layer to decrease. 
     
     
         17 . The photovoltaic cell of  claim 1 , wherein one or both of the first conductor layer and the second conductor layer includes conductive nanowires. 
     
     
         18 . The photovoltaic cell of  claim 1 , further comprising a power gap layer electrically coupled to one or both of the first conductor layer and the second conductor layer with the conductive nanowires. 
     
     
         19 . The photovoltaic cell of  claim 1 , wherein the second wavelength of the incident light is a resonance wavelength of the oscillating electrons. 
     
     
         20 . The photovoltaic cell of  claim 1 , wherein the first wavelength of the incident light or the second wavelength of the incident light is longer than 700 nanometers. 
     
     
         21 . The photovoltaic cell of  claim 1 , wherein the first wavelength of the incident light is longer than the second wavelength of the incident light. 
     
     
         22 . The photovoltaic cell of claim  1 , wherein the first wavelength of the incident light is shorter than the second wavelength of the incident light. 
     
     
         23 . The photovoltaic cell of  claim 1 , wherein the plasma-sonic layer is an electrical insulator. 
     
     
         24 . The photovoltaic cell of  claim 1 , wherein the plasma-sonic layer is a dielectric with a complex dielectric constant. 
     
     
         25 . The photovoltaic cell of  claim 1 , wherein the plasma-sonic layer is a polymer or a ceramic. 
     
     
         26 . The photovoltaic cell of  claim 1 , wherein the plasma-sonic layer is a polycarbonate. 
     
     
         27 . The photovoltaic cell of  claim 1 , wherein the nanoparticles are homogenously suspended in the plasma-sonic layer. 
     
     
         28 . The photovoltaic cell of  claim 1 , wherein the nanoparticles have a conical, rectangular, bi-pyramidal, tetrahedral, cubical, octahedral, cylindrical, ellipsoidal, or spherical shape. 
     
     
         29 . The photovoltaic cell of  claim 1 , wherein the nanoparticles are electrically insulating or electrically semiconducting. 
     
     
         30 . The photovoltaic cell of  claim 1 , wherein the first wavelength is proportional to sizes of quantum dots in the photonic absorption layer. 
     
     
         31 . The photovoltaic cell of  claim 1 , wherein the photonic absorption layer includes light scattering particles. 
     
     
         32 . The photovoltaic cell of  claim 1 , wherein the first conduction layer, the second conduction layer, the plasma-sonic layer, and the photonic absorption layer are translucent or transparent to the incident light within the visible spectrum at a zero degree incident angle. 
     
     
         33 . The photovoltaic cell of  claim 1 , wherein a combination of the first conduction layer, the second conduction layer, the plasma-sonic layer, and the photonic absorption layer has a transmittance of light within the visible spectrum greater than 0.76 at a zero degree incident angle. 
     
     
         34 . The photovoltaic cell of  claim 1 , further comprising a reflector provided on a distal surface of the photovoltaic cell opposite a surface of incident light, wherein the reflector is configured to reflect incident light back towards the surface of incident light. 
     
     
         35 . The photovoltaic cell of  claim 1 , wherein the photovoltaic cell is flat or planar. 
     
     
         36 . The photovoltaic cell of  claim 1 , wherein the photovoltaic cell is non-planar along a light incident surface. 
     
     
         37 . The photovoltaic cell of  claim 37 , wherein the photovoltaic cell is curved along a light incident surface at an arc angle between 0 to 23.5 degrees. 
     
     
         38 . The photovoltaic cell of  claim 1 , wherein the photovoltaic cell has a triangular, rectangular, pentangular, hexangular, elliptical, or circular shape. 
     
     
         39 . A solar photovoltaic collector, comprising:
 a photovoltaic cell of  claim 1 ;   a first electrode electrically coupled to the first conduction layer, and a second electrode electrically coupled to the plasma-sonic layer and the photonic absorption layer, wherein the first electrode is electrically isolated from the second electrode.   
     
     
         40 . The solar photovoltaic collector of  claim 39 , wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are situated around peripheral surfaces of the solar photovoltaic collector. 
     
     
         41 . The solar photovoltaic collector of  claim 39 , further comprising: a power transfer circuit affixed to the photovoltaic collector and electrically coupled to the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the power transfer circuit is configured to:
 sense instantaneous power of an electrical power grid,   sense instantaneous power generated from the photovoltaic collector, and   sweep power generated from the photovoltaic collector to the electrical power grid.   
     
     
         42 . The solar photovoltaic collector of  claim 41 , wherein the power transfer circuit includes circuitry to transfer the power wirelessly to the electrical power grid. 
     
     
         43 . A solar photovoltaic collector array, comprising:
 a plurality of solar photovoltaic collectors of  claim 39 , configured to tessellate with each other.   
     
     
         44 . The solar photovoltaic collector array of  claim 43 , wherein one or more of the plurality of photovoltaic collector has a triangular, rectangular, pentangular, hexangular, or octangular shape. 
     
     
         45 . The solar photovoltaic collector array of  claim 43 , further comprising a mounting assembly configured to bracket the plurality of solar photovoltaic collectors of a building. 
     
     
         46 . The solar photovoltaic collector array of  claim 45 , wherein one or more of the plurality of solar photovoltaic collectors is a window or a panel that separates interior from exterior of the building. 
     
     
         47 . The solar photovoltaic collector array of  claim 45 , wherein the plurality of solar photovoltaic collectors forms an additional exterior wall offset from an exterior surface of the building. 
     
     
         48 . The solar photovoltaic collector array of  claim 47 , wherein the additional exterior wall envelopes a portion of the building.