Use of akkermansia for treating metabolic disorders

Abstract

The present invention relates to Akkermansia muciniphila or fragments thereof for treating a metabolic disorder in a subject in need thereof. The present invention also relates to a composition, a pharmaceutical composition and a medicament comprising Akkermansia muciniphila or fragments thereof for treating a metabolic disorder. The present invention also relates to the use of Akkermansia muciniphila or fragments thereof for promoting weight loss in a subject in need thereof.

1 - 17 . (canceled) 
     
     
         18 . A pharmaceutical composition for altering microbiota comprising:
 a therapeutically effective amount of a substantially purified  Akkermansia , wherein the substantially purified  Akkermansia  comprises at least 50% of a strain of  Akkermansia,      a prebiotic, and   a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is formulated for oral delivery and encapsulated by a coating, wherein the coating does not fully degrade until after it exits the stomach of a subject.   
     
     
         19 . The pharmaceutical composition of  claim 18 , further comprising at least one of a substantially purified  Bacteroidetes , a substantially purified  Firmicutes  and a substantially purified  Proteobacteria.    
     
     
         20 . The pharmaceutical composition of  claim 19 , wherein the substantially purified  Bacteroidetes  is  Bacteroidales , the substantially purified  Firmicutes  is  Clostridiales  and the substantially purified  Proteobacteria  is  Enterobacteriales.    
     
     
         21 . The pharmaceutical composition of  claim 19 , wherein the substantially purified  Bacteroidetes  is  Alistipes , the substantially purified  Firmicutes  is  Clostridium  and the substantially purified  Proteobacteria  is  Escherichia.    
     
     
         22 . The pharmaceutical composition of  claim 18 , wherein the pharmaceutical composition alters the relative abundance of at least one of  Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, Firmicutes, Tenericutes , and  Proteobacteria  in a gastrointestinal tract of a subject. 
     
     
         23 . The pharmaceutical composition of  claim 18 , wherein the prebiotic is a non-digestible oligosaccharide. 
     
     
         24 . The pharmaceutical composition of  claim 23 , wherein the non-digestible oligosaccharide is a fructooligosaccharide, a glucooligosaccharide, a xylooligosaccharide, a galactooligosaccharide, an arabinoxylan, an arabinogalactan, a galactomannan, a polydextrose, an oligofructose, inulin, and/or a derivative thereof. 
     
     
         25 . The pharmaceutical composition of  claim 23 , wherein the non-digestible oligosaccharide is a fructooligosaccharide. 
     
     
         26 . The pharmaceutical composition of  claim 18 , wherein the prebiotic is inulin. 
     
     
         27 . The pharmaceutical composition of  claim 18 , wherein the pharmaceutical composition is formulated for delivery to a small intestine, a large intestine, an ileum, a cecum, or a colon region of a subject. 
     
     
         28 . The pharmaceutical composition of  claim 27 , wherein the pharmaceutical composition is formulated for delivery to an ileum or a colon region of a subject. 
     
     
         29 . The pharmaceutical composition of  claim 18 , further comprising substantially purified  Firmicutes.    
     
     
         30 . The pharmaceutical composition of  claim 29 , wherein the substantially purified  Firmicutes  is substantially purified  Clostridiales.    
     
     
         31 . The pharmaceutical composition of  claim 30 , wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises between about 30% and about 60% substantially purified  Clostridiales.    
     
     
         32 . The pharmaceutical composition of  claim 29 , wherein the substantially purified  Firmicutes  is substantially purified  Clostridium.    
     
     
         33 . The pharmaceutical composition of  claim 32 , wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises between about 30% and about 50% substantially purified  Clostridium.    
     
     
         34 . The pharmaceutical composition of  claim 18 , wherein the pharmaceutical composition increases a relative abundance of  Clostridium  in a subject. 
     
     
         35 . The pharmaceutical composition of  claim 18 , wherein the pharmaceutical composition increases glucose metabolism in a subject. 
     
     
         36 . The pharmaceutical composition of  claim 18 , wherein the pharmaceutical composition increases energy expenditure in a subject. 
     
     
         37 . The pharmaceutical composition of  claim 18 , wherein the  Akkermansia  is lyophilized. 
     
     
         38 . The pharmaceutical composition of  claim 18 , wherein if the composition comprises a mixture of bacterial strains, then at least 50% of the bacterial strains in the composition are  Verrucomicrobia, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes , or  Proteobacteria.    
     
     
         39 . The pharmaceutical composition of  claim 18 , wherein the  Akkermansia  is viable. 
     
     
         40 . The pharmaceutical composition of  claim 18 , wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises two or more bacterial strains, wherein the two or more bacterial strains exhibit a synergistic effect in the pharmaceutical composition. 
     
     
         41 . A pharmaceutical composition for altering microbiota comprising:
 a therapeutically effective amount of a substantially purified  Akkermansia , wherein the substantially purified  Akkermansia  comprises at least 50% of a strain of  Akkermansia,      a prebiotic, and   a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is formulated for oral delivery and encapsulated by a coating.   
     
     
         42 . The pharmaceutical composition of  claim 41 , further comprising at least one of a substantially purified  Bacteroidetes , a substantially purified  Firmicutes  and a substantially purified  Proteobacteria.    
     
     
         43 . The pharmaceutical composition of  claim 41 , wherein the pharmaceutical composition alters the relative abundance of at least one of  Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, Firmicutes, Tenericutes , and  Proteobacteria  in a gastrointestinal tract of a subject. 
     
     
         44 . The pharmaceutical composition of  claim 41 , wherein the prebiotic is a non-digestible oligosaccharide selected from the group consisting a fructooligosaccharide, a glucooligosaccharide, a xylooligosaccharide, a galactooligosaccharide, an arabinoxylan, an arabinogalactan, a galactomannan, a polydextrose, an oligofructose, inulin, and/or a derivative thereof. 
     
     
         45 . The pharmaceutical composition of  claim 41 , wherein the pharmaceutical composition is formulated for delivery to a small intestine, a large intestine, an ileum, a cecum, or a colon region of a subject. 
     
     
         46 . The pharmaceutical composition of  claim 41 , wherein the pharmaceutical composition increases glucose metabolism or energy expenditure in a subject. 
     
     
         47 . The pharmaceutical composition of  claim 41 , wherein the  Akkermansia  is viable or non-viable.