Method and Device for Energy Conversion

Abstract

Method for conversion of energy, by which a sun energy, or heat energy, or radiation energy is converted in an other form of energy, where the energy in its heat form or in the form of radiation is supplied to a vaporizer of a heat pipe, and this energy is converted in the energy of a working gas of the heat pipe through (as a consequence of) the absorption of this energy by the working liquid of the heat pipe; the energy in its heat form is extracted (conducted away) from the condenser of the heat pipe, and the energy of movement of the gas of the heat pipe is converted in others, not heat forms of energy, in particular into electric energy, where additionally to the capillary or gravitational forces, usually acting in the heat pipe transport zone to recover the heat pipe liquid, an additional energy, in its mechanical or electrical or any other not-heat form, is supplied to the working liquid of the heat pipe, among other possibilities, from outside in respect to the heat pipe, and this additional energy is converted in a mechanical energy of a mechanical movement of this heat pipe working liquid, and at the same time one directs the gas flow from the vaporizer to the condenser through one or several constrictions, where the cross-section area of this constriction or these constrictions in the plane, which one is perpendicular to the direction of the gas flow, is essentially mach less than an average cross-section area of the vaporizer or condenser, which way an effectiveness of energy conversion is increased.

What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . Method for conversion of energy, by which a sun energy, or heat energy, or radiation energy is converted in an other form of energy, where the energy in its heat form or in the form of radiation is supplied to a vaporizer of a heat pipe, and this energy is converted in the energy of a working gas of the heat pipe through (as a consequence of) the absorption of this energy by the working liquid of the heat pipe; the energy in its heat form is extracted (conducted away) from the condenser of the heat pipe, and the energy of movement of the gas of the heat pipe is converted in others, not heat forms of energy, in particular into electric energy, where the extraction (outflow) of heat energy from the condenser of the heat pipe can take place by means of a heat-extracting liquid, which one is placed outside the heat pipe condenser part, or by means of irradiation of energy by the condenser, or by both these ways simultaneously, or by means of any kind of a heat exchanger, or any other way, and where one, several or all of the above-mentioned not-heat forms of energy (among others the electrical energy) are transferred away to outside from the heat pipe for the further using, wherein additionally two more circumstances take place together:
 a) additionally to the capillary or gravitational forces, usually acting in the heat pipe transport zone to recover the heat pipe liquid, an energy (which one is named as the “Pump-energy” in the further description), in its mechanical or electrical or any other not-heat form, is supplied to the working liquid of the heat pipe, among other possibilities, from outside in respect to the heat pipe, (i.e. from the outside in respect to the heat pipe located energy source), or from the energy of a gas flow of the heat pipe, and this said Pump-energy is converted in the mechanical energy of the mechanical movement of this working liquid, wherewith (which way) this working liquid is pumped by this energy from the condenser into the vaporizer; and   b) also one directs the gas flow from the vaporizer to the condenser through one or several constrictions, where the cross-section area of this constriction or these constrictions in the plane, which one is perpendicular to the direction of the gas flow, is essentially mach less than an average cross-section area of the vaporizer or condenser, which way an essential pressure differential between the vaporizer and condenser is created.   
     
     
         2 . Method on  claim 1 , wherein inside a heat pipe a chain energy conversion takes place, where a mechanical energy of a working gas of a heat pipe is converted in the others, not heat (not thermal) kinds of energy, firstly in a mechanical energy of some energy carrier, and after that in an electrical energy by means of any kind of a mechanic—into electric—energy conversion (among other possibilities by means of piezoelectric (among others acoustoelectric), magnetostrictic, electrostatic, MHD-, or Faraday-principles of generation of electrical energy, or by generation by means of photoconductive (fotoleitenden) crystal (among others a piezosemiconductor, among others a CdS-semiconductor), or by generation through a space moving of charges in a magnetic field, or in the crossed electric and magnetic fields, or in any other fields). 
     
     
         3 . Method on  claim 1 , wherein the supply (delivery) of the Pump energy is executed to the transport zone of the heat pipe. 
     
     
         4 . Method on  claim 1 , wherein the Pump energy on  claim 1  is supplied (delivered) to the capillary structure of a heat pipe as (in the form of) an electric energy, or a capillary structure of a heat pipe is placed in an electrical field, wherewith (which way) a transporting of the heat pipe working liquid from the heat pipe condenser to the heat pipe vaporizer is executed by means of an interaction of an electric field with a working liquid in the capillary structure (i.e. through the so-called “electro-capillary phenomenon”). 
     
     
         5 . Method on  claim 1 , wherein the extraction (outflow) of heat energy from a condenser of a heat pipe takes place by a transforming of a heat-extracting liquid in a gas-form state (evaporation), in particular this, placed outside the condenser heat-extracting liquid is vaporized (boiled) by the heat energy of the condenser. 
     
     
         6 . Method on  claim 5 , wherein the heat-extracting liquid is a working liquid of some another heat pipe, which one is connected with the condenser of the heat pipe on  claim 5 . 
     
     
         7 . Method on  claim 1 , wherein the extraction (outflow) of heat energy from the condenser of the heat pipe on  claim 1  is executed by a cascade of other heat pipes. 
     
     
         8 . Method on  claim 1 , wherein the heat energy from the condenser of a heat pipe is extracted (outflowed) by a heat-extracting liquid, for example water, which layer is in touch with an outer wall of the condenser, and which layer moves relative to this wall, among other possibilities because of a convection. 
     
     
         9 . Method on  claim 1 , wherein a working liquid of a heat pipe evaporates, through or without boiling, in a vaporizer, and condenses in a condenser on the different by there physical properties capillary structures, which are differ from each other, among other properties, by diameters of the capillaries, by form of the capillaries, and by surface properties of the capillary materials, and besides, the recovery of working liquid through the transport zone is carried out by means of the capillary forces or gravitational forces or centrifugal forces, or also by other forces or combination of forces, where the physical properties of wick in the heat pipe transport zone differs, among others, from the physical properties of wick in the vaporizer zone or in the condenser zone, or also a wick is completely absent in the transport zone. 
     
     
         10 . Method on  claim 1 , whereby a sun energy or radiation energy from an other source, or heat energy, is supplied to a working body (working fluid) of a heat pipe, wherein instead of the energy supplying to the working body through its external perimeter, i.e. from the external surface of the space (volume), wherein this body is located,
 the energy will be supplied to all this working body simultaneously, i.e. simultaneously to its big surface, and for this aim the end part of the energy supplying means (through which means the energy is supplied to the working body) is placed inside the space, which one is occupied by the working body, wherein a large extensively developed surface (interface) between the a.m. working body and end part of the energy supplying means is formed inside the occupied by the working body space.   
     
     
         11 . Method on  claim 1 , wherein the surface area of the boundary between the working materials and of the energy converter, or between the working material of the energy converter and the material of the energy supplying means, from which means the energy come into the system, is a bigger area, among others also march more bigger area, than the surface area of the geometrical figure, which one contains the space with a device, wherein the energy transfer process takes place. 
     
     
         12 . Method for conversion of energy of a gas flow, in particular of a wind (of a wind flow), or of a gas flow of a working gas of a heat pipe, or of a gas flow of a working gas of an other heat machine, or of an any kind of an other gas flow from any kind of an other source, into an electrical energy, wherein
 a mechanical energy of the gas flow (in particular a kinetic energy of a mechanical movement of the gas flow, or a potential energy of the working gas, or both) is converted in an energy of mechanic swings (in particular vibrations, oscillations, sound, ultrasound) of some mechanic system (or some mechanic working body), wherein the parts of the a.m. mechanical system are moving, among other possibilities, according to the Bernoulli-principle, wherein, among other possibilities this system swings in resonance-modus, and wherein in particular this system is executed as a module or as many modules, which are connected together electrically or mechanically or both,   
       and after that
 the energy of the mechanic swings of this system is converted in an electric energy, wherein this conversion is executed by means of any kind of mechanic—into electric energy conversion (among other possibilities by means of a piezoelectric (in particular acoustoelectric), magnetostrictic, electrostatic, MHD-, Faraday-principles of generation of electric energy, or by means of generation by a photoconductive (fotoleitenden) crystal (among others by a piezosemiconductor, in particular by a CdS-piezosemiconductor), or by means of generation through a space moving of charges in a magnetic field, or in electric and magnetic fields, or in any other fields). 
 
     
     
         13 . Method on  claim 12 , wherein an electric energy or an electric signal is produced by acting of mechanical swings on a crystal, i.e it is produced piezoelectrically, or magnetostrictically, or by means of a photoconductive crystal (in particular piezosemiconductor). 
     
     
         14 . Method on  claim 13 , wherein the energy of the gas flow is converted in the energy of acoustic swings (in particular in a sound, ultrasound, hypersound) by means of any kind of generator of acoustic swings (in particular by Hartmann-Generator or one of its modifications, by whistle or by siren). 
     
     
         15 . Method on  claim 13 , wherein the energy of the gas flow is converted in an energy of mechanic swings of one or several strings, wherein the said mechanical swings of strings generate the cyclic changes of deformating stresses in a mechanic—into electric converter (in particular in a piezoelectric converter), in particular
 the reciprocating deformating stresses are generated, by which the cyclic compressions or tensions (stretches) arise, or 
 the twisting (torsion) deformating stresses are generated, by which the cyclic torsion stresses arise by twisting in turn in the opposite directions (in a clockwise direction and in an anti-clockwise direction), or 
 the shearing deformating stresses are generated to make the crystal work in shear, 
 
       wherein, among other possibilities, a cross-section of each string can be not-symmetrical, in particular it can have a form of a cross-section of an airplane wing, or some bodies can be fixed on the strings, where a cross-section of the each said body can be not-symmetrical, in particular it can have a form of a cross-section of an airplane wing. 
     
     
         16 . Method on  claim 13 , wherein the energy of the gas flow is converted in the energy of mechanic swings of one or several rigid or elastic (resilient) mechanic elements (in particular curved resilient plates), wherein an end of each said element (of each said plate) is fixed between two piezoelectric plates, and the said fixed end is placed in the gas flow either ahead of the said element in respect to the flow direction, or behind of the said element in respect to the flow direction, or both. 
     
     
         17 . Method on  claim 13 , wherein the energy of the gas flow is converted directly in an energy of compressional waves, which waves are moving along some surface, wherein the energy of these compressional waves is further converted directly in an electric energy (in particular on the piezoelectric or magnetostrictic principles), wherein the said compressional waves arise through the gas turbulences, and these compressional waves are moving along a crystal plate, in particular along a piezoelectric crystal plate, which way the electric energy is generated, and this electric energy is further supplied from the electric-conducting surface of the said crystal, in particular of the said piezoelectric crystal, to an external output of electric energy. 
     
     
         18 . Device for conversion of energy, which device comprises:
 a sun radiation collector (i.e. a system for collecting and concentrating of sun radiation, among other possibilities by means of lenses or by means of any kind of systems of lenses, also by Fresnel lenses, or by mirrors or by any kind of systems of mirrors, also by Fresnel mirrors, or by any kind of optical systems, which one collects a falling down on a some area sun radiation, and concentrates after that this radiation in one point or in one small area range);   a radiation guide (sun radiation guide, light guide, wave guide), comprising an essentially long tube with the radiation-(light-)-reflecting internal walls to transfer the sun radiation or an other kind of radiation or electromagnetic waves over a distance,   an intermediary connecting device to connect the a.m. sun radiation collector and the a.m. sun radiation guide, i.e. means to collect and to transfer the sun radiation from the said sun radiation collector to the said sun radiation guide;   a heat pipe, which one is executed with the possibility to be placed in the water, and which one is placed in the water, in particular in an ocean, sea, lake, river or any other kind of a natural or artificial water reservoir or water stream, in particular in a deep-cold water (cold deep-water) in essential depth, or in a groundwater under the ground-surface in a slim borehole, where the said heat pipe comprises the following elements:   an intermediary connecting device to connect the a.m. sun radiation guide and a vaporizer of a heat pipe, i.e. means to transfer a sun radiation from the said sun radiation guide into the said vaporizer of a heat pipe,   a vaporizer of a heat pipe, which vaporizer is thermically insulated from a water, which one surrounds this vaporizer from outside, (among other possibilities the said vaporizer can be thermically insulated by a heat pipe transport zone or by a capillary structure of the transport zone, which one can surround the vaporizer); where the said vaporizer contains:
 means for multiple reflection of the guided inside its volume sun radiation, in particular the internal surface of the vaporizer can be partially executed in the form of reflecting mirror; and 
 an essentially developed vaporization surface or capillary evaporation surface or both, where the area of the said vaporization surface (or capillary evaporation surface or both) is essentially more large then an area of the vaporizer perimeter surface; 
   a condenser, thermically not insulated from the surrounding from outside water, where the said condenser contains inside it an essentially developed condensation surface, where the area of this condensation surface is essentially more large then an area of the condenser perimeter surface;   means to form a constriction of a heat pipe gas flow in the region among the vaporizer and condenser;   energy converter of the mechanical energy of the heat pipe gas flow into the electrical energy, which converter can use any known mechanic-to-electric generator, (as, for example, among others: Faraday generator, electrostatic generator, piezoelectric generator, magnetostrictical generator, magnetohydrodynamic generator, any of acoustic generators (whistle, Hartmann-generator, siren, etc.) in combination with piezoelectric or magnetostrictic generator, Photo-acoustic-electric generator, generator on the basis of photoconductive (fotoleitenden) crystals, generator on the basis of CdS-piezosemiconductor etc.), wherein, if the piezoelectric or magnetostrictic generator is used, the mechanic energy of the heat pipe gas flow is converted into the energy of mechanic deformations (i.e. compression or tension or twisting or mechanic vibrations, among others resonance vibrations) of any mechanical elements, for example, of a string (or plurality of strings), of a membrane (membranes), or of any other mechanic elements, which mechanic elements are mechanically connected with the said piezoelectric crystal (crystals) or with the said magnetostrictic crystal (crystals), which crystal (crystals) convert the said energy of the mechanic deformations into the electrical energy;   a heat pipe transport zone to transport usual way (i.e. f.e. by the capillary or gravitational or both forces) the condensed in the condenser heat pipe working liquid back into the vaporizer; in particular, but not obligatory, the transport zone can be placed between the vaporizer and coat of the heat pipe, therewith the transport zone surrounds the vaporizer from all sites except the site, where the working gas of the heat pipe flows from the vaporizer to the condenser;   a pump for creation of an additional pressure to transport the heat pipe working liquid from the condenser back to the vaporizer, which pump is supplied by energy (which pump is driven) either from an external (in respect to the heat pipe) source of energy or from the mechanical energy of the heat pipe gas flow, or from the energy, generated from the said mechanical energy of the heat pipe gas flow, where the said pump can be placed (but must not be obligatory placed) in the said transport zone of the heat pipe.   
     
     
         19 . Device on  claim 18 , wherein:
 instead of (or additionally to) the capillary structure, the vaporizer comprises an insert in the vaporizer chamber, which insert has an essentially large surface area, and which insert also absorbs good a sun radiation (for example a metal insert with black surface), wherein this insert is heating-able by a sun radiation, which sun radiation is delivered inside the vaporizer by a radiation guide;   instead of (or additionally to) the pump, the boundary between the vaporizer and transport zone comprises an injector or a valve for injection of the heat pipe working liquid from the transport zone into the vaporizer;   device comprises means for synchronizing in antiphase (in the opposite phases) of the injection of the working liquid into the vaporizer and conduction of the working gas stream pulse out from the vaporizer.   
     
     
         20 . Device on  claim 18 , wherein instead of (or additionally to) the sun radiation guide the device comprises an additional heat exchanger for a supplying from outside of a heat (thermal) energy in a not-radiation form. 
     
     
         21 . Device for conversion of energy on  claim 18 , where additionally to the heat pipe on  claim 18 , or instead of the heat pipe on  claim 18 , one use any other kind of a heat machine (or any kind of device for conversion of the heat (thermal) energy into the mechanical energy or into others not heat kinds of energy) in connection with the said radiation guide on  claim 18 .