Hydride donors as an additive for reducing low speed pre-ignition events

Abstract

Fuel and lubricant compositions are provided that contain an organic hydride-based reductant. Methods for preventing or reducing low speed pre-ignition events in an internal combustion engines using these compositions are also provided.

1 . A fuel composition comprising (1) greater than 50 wt. % of a hydrocarbon fuel boiling in gasoline or diesel range and (2) a minor amount of one or more of organic hydride-based reductant. 
     
     
         2 . The fuel composition of  claim 1 , wherein the organic hydride-based reductant is substantially free of halogen, boron, or silicon. 
     
     
         3 . The fuel composition of  claim 1 , wherein the organic hydride-based reductant is dihydropyridine, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, methylene tetrahydromethanopterin, acridine, triarylmethane, hexahydro triazaphenalene, triamine, aryl benzoimidazoline, dioxolane, diethercyclohexadiene, cycloheptatriene, flavin adenine dinucleotide, or an analog thereof. 
     
     
         4 . The fuel composition of  claim 1 , wherein the organic hydride-based reductant is present in 25 to 5000 ppm by weight. 
     
     
         5 . The fuel composition of  claim 1 , wherein the organic hydride-based reductant is present in 250 to 2000 ppm by weight. 
     
     
         6 . The fuel composition of  claim 1 , further comprising:
 oxygenate, anti-knock agent, detergent, dispersant, friction modifier, antioxidant, metal deactivator, demulsifier, pour point depressant, flow improver, cetane improver, or lubricity additive.   
     
     
         7 . A method of preventing or reducing undesirable ignition events in an internal combustion engine, the method comprising:
 supplying to the engine, a fuel composition comprising (1) greater than 50 wt. % of a hydrocarbon fuel boiling in gasoline or diesel range and (2) a minor amount of one or more of organic hydride-based reductant   
     
     
         8 . The method of  claim 7 , wherein the internal combustion engine is spark-ignited. 
     
     
         9 . The method of  claim 7 , wherein the internal combustion engine is operated at less than 3000 rpm. 
     
     
         10 . The method of  claim 7 , wherein the spark-ignited internal combustion engine is operated under a load with a brake mean effective pressure of at least 1 MPa (10 bar). 
     
     
         11 . A lubricating oil composition comprising (1) greater than 50 wt. % of a base oil and (2) a minor amount of one or more of an organic hydride-based reductant. 
     
     
         12 . The lubricating oil composition of  claim 11 , wherein the organic hydride-based reductant is substantially free of halogen, boron, or silicon. 
     
     
         13 . The lubricating oil composition of  claim 11 , wherein the organic hydride-based reductant is dihydropyridine, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, methylene tetrahydromethanopterin, acridine, triarylmethane, hexahydro triazaphenalene, triamine, aryl benzomidazoline, dioxolane, diethercyclohexadiene, cycloheptatriene, flavin adenine dinucleotide, or an analog thereof. 
     
     
         14 . The lubricating oil composition of  claim 11 , wherein the organic hydride-based reductant is present in 0.001 to 10% by weight. 
     
     
         15 . The lubricating oil composition of  claim 11 , wherein the organic hydride-based reductant is present in 0.5 to 5% by weight. 
     
     
         16 . The lubricating oil composition of  claim 11 , further comprising:
 antioxidant, ashless dispersant, anti-wear agent, detergent, rust inhibitor, dehazing agent, demulsifying agent, friction modifier, metal deactivating agent, pour point depressant, viscosity modifier, antifoaming agent, co-solvent, package compatibilizer, corrosion-inhibitor, dye, or extreme pressure agent.   
     
     
         17 . A method of preventing or reducing undesirable ignition events in an internal combustion engine, the method comprising:
 supplying to the engine a lubricating oil composition comprising (1) greater than 50 wt. % of a base oil and (2) a minor amount of one or more of an organic hydride-based reductant.   
     
     
         18 . The method of  claim 17 , wherein the internal combustion engine is spark-ignited. 
     
     
         19 . The method of  claim 17 , wherein the internal combustion engine is operated at less than 3000 rpm. 
     
     
         20 . The method of  claim 17 , wherein the internal combustion engine is operated under a load with a brake mean effective pressure of at least 1 MPa (10 bar).