Sleep Monitoring and Stimulation

Abstract

Sleep monitoring and stimulation comprises collecting actigraphy data from a user. The user's sleep phase is determined using the actigraphy data. At least one stimulation, determined at least in part on the sleep phase, is directed towards the user. Subsequent actigraphy data is collected from the user. The actigraphy data and subsequent actigraphy data is used to determine the user's subsequent sleep phase. The stimulation is modified, based at least in part upon the subsequent sleep phase.

What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . A method comprising:
 receiving first actigraphy data from an actigraphy device worn by a user;   determining, based at least in part on the first actigraphy data, an estimated sleep phase of the user;   selecting, based at least in part on the estimated sleep phase, an initial stimulation;   applying, via a stimulation device, the initial stimulation;   receiving second actigraphy data from the actigraphy device; and   determining, based at least in part on the estimated sleep phase, the initial stimulation, and the second actigraphy data, a sleep phase of the user.   
     
     
         2 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the first actigraphy data is received from the actigraphy device at a first time, the method further comprising:
 receiving previous actigraphy data from the user at a previous time, the previous time preceding the first time;   determining, based at least in part on the previous actigraphy data, a previous estimated sleep phase;   determining, based at least in part on the previous estimated sleep phase, a previous stimulation;   applying, via the stimulation device, the previous stimulation;   increasing one or more of a volume or intensity of the previous stimulation;   receiving, from the user, an input indicative of wakefulness; and   determining, based at least in part on the input and one or more of the volume or intensity, a stimulation threshold.   
     
     
         3 . The method of  claim 2 ,
 wherein the initial sleep phase is similar to the previous sleep phase, and   wherein the initial stimulation is applied at a level at or below the stimulation threshold.   
     
     
         4 . The method of  claim 1 , further comprising:
 receiving physiological data from a physiological monitoring device;   determining a change in the physiological data; and   stopping the initial stimulation based at least in part on one or more of the second actigraphy data or the change in the physiological data,   wherein determining the sleep phase of the user is further based at least in part on the change in physiological data.   
     
     
         5 . The method of  claim 4 , further comprising:
 increasing one or more of a volume or intensity of the initial stimulation.   
     
     
         6 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein:
 the initial stimulation comprises one or more of:
 auditory stimulation, 
 electrical stimulation, 
 neuro-stimulation, 
 transcranial direct light stimulation, or 
 light stimulation, and 
   the change in physiological data comprises one or more of:
 a change in breathing rate, 
 a change in heart rate. 
   
     
     
         7 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the actigraphy data are stored in bins of 30-60 seconds, the method further comprising:
 determining, based at least in part on a number of bins associated with sleep and a number of bins associated with wakefulness, a quality of sleep.   
     
     
         8 . A system for determining a sleep phase comprising:
 one or more processors; and   one or more non-transitory computer readable media having instructions stored thereon which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
 receiving, from an actigraphy device worn by a user, first actigraphy data; 
 determining, based at least in part on the actigraphy data, an estimated sleep phase; 
 determining, based at least in part on the estimated sleep phase, a stimulation; 
 applying the stimulation to the user; 
 increasing an intensity of the stimulation; 
 receiving, from the actigraphy device, second actigraphy data; 
 receiving a physiological response of the user; and 
 determining, based at least in part on the estimated sleep phase, the physiological response, and the second actigraphy data, a sleep phase of the user. 
   
     
     
         9 . The system of  claim 8 , wherein:
 the estimated sleep phase is associated with a first confidence level,   the sleep phase is associated with a second confidence level, and   the second confidence level is higher than the first confidence level.   
     
     
         10 . The system of  claim 8 , wherein the operations further comprise:
 stopping the increasing intensity of the stimulation based at least in part on the physiological response.   
     
     
         11 . The system of  claim 8 , wherein:
 the initial stimulation comprises one or more of:
 auditory stimulation, 
 electrical stimulation, 
 neuro-stimulation, 
 transcranial direct light stimulation, or 
 light stimulation, and 
   the change in physiological data comprises one or more of:
 a change in breathing rate, 
 a change in heart rate. 
   
     
     
         12 . The system of  claim 8 , wherein the second actigraphy data is stored in a plurality of bins associated with a period of 30-60 seconds,
 the operations further comprising:
 determining, based at least in part on the actigraphy data, an activity period of each minute of actigraphy data associated with a largest integrated acceleration. 
   
     
     
         13 . The system of  claim 12 , wherein the activity period is associated with a period of sleep or wakefulness based at least in part on a weighted average of actigraphy data associated with a portion of the bins. 
     
     
         14 . The system of  claim 13 , wherein determining the period of sleep or wakefulness is further based at least in part on a logistic regression of the weighted average. 
     
     
         15 . The system of  claim 8 , wherein the first actigraphy data is received at a first time, and
 wherein the operations further comprise:
 receiving, from the actigraphy device, previous actigraphy data at a previous time, the previous time preceding the first time; 
 determining, based at least in part on the previous actigraphy data, a previous estimated sleep phase; 
 determining, based at least in part on the previous estimated sleep phase, a second stimulation; 
 applying the second stimulation to the user; 
 increasing an intensity of the second stimulation to a final intensity; 
 receiving an input from the user; and 
 determining, as a threshold stimulation, the final intensity, and 
 wherein increasing the intensity of stimulation comprises increasing the intensity of stimulation to at or below the threshold stimulation. 
   
     
     
         16 . One or more non-transitory computer readable media having instructions stored thereon which, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
 receiving, from an actigraphy device worn by a user, first actigraphy data;   determining, based at least in part on the actigraphy data, an estimated sleep phase;   determining, based at least in part on the estimated sleep phase, a stimulation;   applying the stimulation to the user;   increasing an intensity of the stimulation, the intensity being at or below a threshold intensity;   receiving, from the actigraphy device, second actigraphy data;   receiving a physiological response of the user; and   determining, based at least in part on the estimated sleep phase, the physiological response, and the second actigraphy data, a sleep phase of the user.   
     
     
         17 . The one or more non-transitory computer readable media of  claim 16 , wherein the operations further comprise:
 storing the actigraphy data in a plurality of bins, a bin associated with a portion of the actigraphy data between 30-60 second; and   determining, for each bin, whether the user is asleep or awake.   
     
     
         18 . The one or more non-transitory computer readable media of  claim 17 , the operations further comprising:
 determining, for a first period of time of actigraphy data, a weighted average of wakefulness based at least in part on actigraphy data associated with a second time period before the first period of time and a third period of time after the first period of time; and   determining a logistic regression of the weighted average,   wherein determining whether the user is asleep or awake is further based at least in part on the logistic regression.   
     
     
         19 . The one or more non-transitory computer readable media of  claim 16 , wherein the actigraphy data is associated with a first time, the operations further comprising:
 receiving, from the actigraphy device, previous actigraphy data at a previous time, the previous time preceding the first time;   determining, based at least in part on the previous actigraphy data, a previous estimated sleep phase;   determining, based at least in part on the previous estimated sleep phase, a second stimulation;   applying the second stimulation to the user;   increasing an intensity of the second stimulation to a final intensity;   receiving an input from the user; and   determining, as the threshold stimulation, the final intensity.   
     
     
         20 . The one or more non-transitory computer readable media of  claim 16 , wherein a first confidence associated with the estimated sleep phase is less than a second confidence associated with the sleep phase.