Mm'x-y metal composite functional material and preparation method thereof

Abstract

An MM′X—Y metal composite functional material and a preparation method thereof; an MM′X—Y metal composite functional material, comprising the following components in percentage by volume: A% of MaM′bXc and B% of Y, wherein each of M and M′ is any one element of a transition group or an alloy of more than one element, X is any one element of IIIA group or IVA group or an alloy of more than one element, and Y is any one element of IB group, IIB group, IIA group or IVA group, or an alloy of more than one element, wherein the value range of a, b and c is 0.8-1.2, and the sum of A% and B% is 100%; the material is prepared through smelting, annealing, crushing, mixing, pressing and curing, etc.; the mechanical performance of the MM′X—Y metal composite functional material prepared according to the present invention is far higher than the traditional MM′X material; the prepared MM′X—Y metal composite functional material has an ideal magnetothermal effect, thus can be used as a magnetic refrigeration material; the method can prepare MM′X—Y metal composite functional materials with any size and shape according to actual requirements; the method is simple, and can be easily operated and realized.

1 . An MM′X—Y metal composite functional material, comprising the following components in percentage by volume:
 A% of M a M′ b X c  and B% of Y, wherein 
 each of M and M′ is any one element of a transition group or an alloy of more than one element, X is any one element of IIIA group or IVA group or an alloy of more than one element, and Y is any one element of IB group, IIB group, IIA group or IVA group, or an alloy of more than one element, wherein the value range of a, b and c is 0.8-1.2, and the sum of A% and B% is 100%. 
 
     
     
         2 . The MM′X—Y metal composite functional material of  claim 1 , wherein A% is 50%-95%, and B% is 5%-50%. 
     
     
         3 . The MM′X—Y metal composite functional material of  claim 1 , wherein A% is 60%-90%, and B% is 10%-40%. 
     
     
         4 . A preparation method of the MM′X—Y metal composite functional material, comprising the steps of:
 1) Preparing raw materials according to the chemical formula of M a M′ b X c ; 
 2) Feeding the prepared raw materials into a smelting furnace, vacuuming the furnace and cleansing the furnace by argon; subsequently, smelting the prepared raw materials under the protection of argon, thereby obtaining the M a M′ b X c  alloy; 
 3) Vacuuming and annealing the M a M′ b X c  alloy; 
 4) Respectively crushing and grinding the vacuumed and annealed M a M′ b X c  alloy and Y material; after screening, obtaining powders; 
 5) Respectively measuring out the powder of M a M′ b X c  alloy with a volume percentage of A%, and the powder of Y material with a volume percentage of B%; subsequently, mixing them uniformly; 
 6) Adopting a pressing formation method to press the uniformly mixed powder under magnetic field, thereby obtaining the formed material; 
 7) Curing the formed material, thereby obtaining the MM′X metal composite functional material. 
 
     
     
         5 . The preparation method of the MM′X—Y metal composite functional material of  claim 4 , wherein when M or M′ is Mn, Mn is excessively added according to the atomic ratio of 1%-10% for compensating its volatile and burning losses during the preparation process, thereby obtaining the single phase. 
     
     
         6 . The preparation method of the MM′X—Y metal composite functional material of  claim 4 , wherein when M or M′ is Mn, Mn is excessively added according to the atomic ratio of 2%-5%. 
     
     
         7 . The preparation method of the MM′X—Y metal composite functional material of  claim 4 , wherein the pressure in the smelting furnace is controlled to be smaller than or equal to 3×10 −3  Pa after being vacuumed, wherein the smelting temperature is higher than 1300° C., and the smelting time is 0.5-10 minutes. 
     
     
         8 . The preparation method of the MM′X—Y metal composite functional material of  claim 4 , wherein the pressure in the smelting furnace is 2×10 −3 -3×10 −3  Pa after being vacuumed, wherein the smelting temperature is 1300-1700° C., and the smelting time is 2-3 minutes. 
     
     
         9 . The preparation method of the MM′X—Y metal composite functional material of  claim 4 , wherein the vacuuming and annealing temperature is 600-1100° C., and the time is 1-30 days. 
     
     
         10 . The preparation method of the MM′X—Y metal composite functional material of  claim 4 , wherein the vacuuming and annealing temperature is 700-900° C., and the time is 5-15 days. 
     
     
         11 . The preparation method of the MM′X—Y metal composite functional material of  claim 4 , wherein the crushing method comprises one or any combination of the following methods including grinding, vibration grinding, rolling grinding, ball milling and jet milling, etc., wherein the screen is a standard screen with a mesh size greater than 10 mesh, and the particle size of the powder is smaller than 2 mm. 
     
     
         12 . The preparation method of the MM′X—Y metal composite functional material of  claim 4 , wherein the screen is a standard screen with a mesh size of 100-300 mesh, and the particle size of the powder is 0-0.2 mm. 
     
     
         13 . The preparation method of the MM′X—Y metal composite functional material of  claim 4 , wherein the pressing formation is to press the powder into a required size or shape through a rolling method, a mold pressing method, an extrusion method, a powder injection forming method or a discharge plasma sintering method, wherein during the process of the pressing formation, the pressure is 300-1500 Mpa, the temperature is 0-900° C., the time is 1-240 minutes and the intensity of the magnetic field is 0-5 T. 
     
     
         14 . The preparation method of the MM′X—Y metal composite functional material of  claim 4 , wherein during the process of the pressing formation, the pressure is 600-1000 MPa, the temperature is 0-500° C., the time is 5-60 minutes and the intensity of the magnetic field is 0-2 T. 
     
     
         15 . The preparation method of the MM′X—Y metal composite functional material of  claim 4 , wherein the curing temperature is 0-900° C. and the curing time is 1-15 days. 
     
     
         16 . The preparation method of the MM′X—Y metal composite functional material of  claim 4 , wherein the curing temperature is 0-500° C. and the curing time is 2-7 days.