Formwork mechanism for casting and moulding concrete which comprises a coffer with a sheet and four plates disposed on the perimeter of the sheet

Abstract

The present invention corresponds to a formwork mechanism for casting and molding concrete, comprising a coffer having a sheet and four plates arranged around the sheet perimeter. Each plate has holes arranged on its front face. Also, the formwork mechanism includes a structural element, connected to one of the plates by fixing means. On the other hand, the structural element has lateral perforations that are aligned with the holes of one of the coffer plates. Fixing means pass through the holes and side holes. The structural element may be a beam, a three or four-beam T, and combinations thereof. On the other hand, using several coffers interconnected with structural elements, formworks are constructed for casting flat reticular slabs; and also for curved reticular slabs with greater slab thickness near the beams supporting the slabs in comparison to the span of the slabs.

1 . A formwork mechanism comprising:
 a coffer ( 1 ) composed of a sheet ( 2 ) and a plate ( 3 ) arranged around the perimeter of the sheet ( 2 ), the plate ( 3 ) having holes ( 5 ) arranged on its front face; and   a structural element ( 4 ) connected to the plate ( 3 ) with fixing means ( 7 ), the structural element ( 4 ) having lateral perforations ( 9 ) aligned with the holes ( 5 ) of the coffer ( 1 ) plate ( 3 );   where the fixing means ( 7 ) pass through the holes ( 5 ) and the lateral perforations ( 9 ).   
     
     
         2 . The mechanism of  claim 1 , where the coffer ( 1 ) comprises a sheet ( 2 ) and four plates ( 3 ) arranged around the sheet perimeter ( 2 ), each plate ( 3 ) having holes ( 5 ) arranged on its front face. 
     
     
         3 . The mechanism of  claim 2 , characterized by the coffer ( 1 ) comprising:
 punctured tabs ( 17 ) located on the sheet periphery ( 2 );   punctured tabs ( 6 ) located on the periphery of each plate ( 3 ), where a punctured tab ( 6 ) from each plate ( 3 ) is connected to a punctured tab ( 17 ) of the plate ( 2 ) by fixing means ( 7 ); and   four corner profiles ( 11 ), each corner profile ( 11 ) having two perforated tabs ( 12 ), each perforated tab ( 12 ) is connected to a plate ( 3 ) perforated tab ( 6 ).   
     
     
         4 . The mechanism of  claim 2 , characterized by the fact the structural element ( 4 ) is a beam ( 8 ) with lateral perforations ( 9 ) arranged on its lateral faces. 
     
     
         5 . The mechanism of  claim 4 , where the beam ( 8 ) is composed of a first structural profile ( 10 ) and a skid ( 51 ) that slides with respect to the first structural profile ( 10 ), the skid ( 51 ) having lateral perforations ( 9 ). 
     
     
         6 . The mechanism of  claim 2 , characterized by the sheet convexity ( 2 ). 
     
     
         7 . The mechanism of  claim 2 , where the structural element ( 4 ) is a T ( 50 ), the T ( 50 ) having three joists ( 13 ), each joist ( 13 ) has a side hole ( 14 ) which is aligned with a plate ( 1 ) hole ( 5 ). 
     
     
         8 . The mechanism of  claim 7 , where the T ( 50 ) is connected to two coffers ( 1 ) by fixing means ( 7 ). 
     
     
         9 . The mechanism of  claim 2 , where the structural element ( 4 ) is a cross ( 29 ), the cross ( 29 ) has four joists ( 13 ), each joist ( 13 ) has a side hole ( 14 ) which is aligned with a plate ( 1 ) hole ( 5 ). 
     
     
         10 . The mechanism of  claim 2 , wherein a spacer ( 20 ) is connected to one of the plate ( 3 ) holes ( 5 ), said spacer comprising:
 a threaded rod ( 21 ) with a first end ( 22 ) and a second end ( 23 ), the threaded rod ( 21 ) goes through the hole ( 5 );   two wing nuts ( 24 ), each wing nut ( 24 ) is connected to one end of the threaded rod ( 21 );   a nut ( 27 ) connected to the threaded rod ( 21 ), between the nut ( 27 ) and one of the wing nuts ( 24 ) is the plate ( 3 );   a stop ( 28 ) connected to the threaded rod ( 21 ) between the first end ( 21 ) and the second end ( 22 ), and   a tube ( 26 ) arranged concentrically with the threaded rod ( 21 );   
       wherein the threaded rod ( 21 ) passes through an external plate ( 3 ), and between the plates ( 3 ), the tube is set ( 26 ). 
     
     
         11 . The mechanism of  claim 2 , characterized because under a plate ( 3 ) of the coffer ( 1 ), a hanging beam formwork is connected, comprising:
 a first extension plate ( 25 ) connected to the plate ( 3 );   a second extension plate ( 18 ) located at the front of the extension plate ( 25 ); where the extension plates have holes ( 5 ) arranged on their front faces; and   a support beam ( 19 ) connected to the holes ( 5 ) of the extension plates with fixing means,   
       wherein the second extension plate ( 18 ) is connected to another coffer ( 1 ). 
     
     
         12 . The mechanism of  claim 11 , where the supporting beam ( 19 ) comprises:
 a block ( 3 ) with a plurality of perforations ( 31 ) arranged along its entire length;   a support surface ( 32 ) at the upper end of the block ( 3 );   two angles ( 33 ) connected below the supporting surface ( 32 ), each angle ( 33 ) having a connecting port ( 34 ) at its inner vertex and side holes ( 35 ), where the side holes ( 35 ) are aligned with the holes ( 5 );   a hub ( 36 ) of adjustable internal diameter, with two ears ( 37 ) extending radially, the hub ( 36 ) is concentrically arranged with respect to the block ( 3 );   a fixing means ( 7 ) that passes through one of the holes in the block, the fixing means ( 7 ) is located under the hub ( 36 );   two extensible brackets ( 39 ), each extensible bracket ( 39 ) is connected to one hub ear ( 37 ), and to the connecting port ( 34 ) of an angle ( 33 ); and   a flexible sheet ( 40 ) resting on the supporting surface ( 32 ).   
     
     
         13 . The mechanism of  claim 12 , where the flexible sheet ( 40 ) has at one longitudinal end, a punctured tab ( 101 ) connected to a column formwork ( 97 ) comprising:
 a curved panel ( 100 ) with:
 a first punctured tab ( 102 ) connected to the punctured tab ( 101 ) with fixing means ( 7 ); 
 a second perforated tab ( 103 ) connected to a vertically arranged plate ( 3 ); 
 a hole ( 5 ) located between the tabs ( 102  and  103 ) of the curved panel ( 100 ); 
   an adapter ( 104 ) with a curved perforated surface ( 98 ) connecting to the hole ( 5 ) of the curved panel ( 100 ) with fixing means ( 7 ); and with a horizontal plate ( 99 ) that has a cavity; and   a block ( 105 ) with a male adapter ( 106 ) located at its upper longitudinal end, which is inserted into the adapter cavity ( 104 ).   
     
     
         14 . The mechanism of  claim 1 , characterized because it includes:
 a first module ( 43 ) consisting of two plates ( 3 ) connected to each other and arranged in parallel, the first module ( 43 ) has an inclination (A);   a second module ( 44 ) consisting of two plates ( 3 ) connected to each other and arranged in parallel, the second module ( 44 ) has an inclination (B);   a first support beam ( 19 ) with two punctured tabs arranged on its side faces, each punctured tab of the first support beam is connected to a punctured tab ( 6 ) of each plate ( 3 ) of one of the modules; and;   a second support beam ( 19 ) with two punctured tabs ( 45 ) arranged on their side faces, each punctured tab of the second support beam ( 19 ) is connected to a punctured tab ( 6 ) of each plate ( 3 ) of the second module;   
       where the tabs of the support beams ( 19 ) form an angle between 0° and 180°. 
     
     
         15 . The mechanism of  claim 1 , where the coffer ( 1 ) is a L-type coffer ( 1 ) comprising:
 a trapezoid-shaped lid ( 53 ) with rounded side faces; the lid ( 53 ) having a rectangular cut ( 54 ) in one of its corners;   two outer L-panels ( 55 ) connected to the corners with short bottom edges of the lid ( 53 ); and   a first inner L-plate ( 56 ) connected to one of the lower edges of the rectangular cut ( 54 ) and a second inner L-plate ( 57 ) connected to the two outer L-panels ( 55 );   
       where each L-plate ( 55 ), ( 56 ) and ( 57 ) is composed of two panels connected to each other at 90°; each L-plate ( 55 ), ( 56 ) and ( 57 ) has at its top edge, punctured tabs ( 17 );
 a first flat plate ( 58 ) slide-on to an outer L-plate ( 55 ), the first flat plate ( 58 ) has punctured tabs ( 17 ); and 
 a second flat plate ( 59 ) connected between the first flat plate ( 58 ) and an inner L-plate ( 56 ). 
 
     
     
         16 . The mechanism of  claim 1 , where the coffer ( 1 ) is a sliding coffer ( 1 ) comprising:
 a first cap ( 61 ) and a second cap ( 62 ) which is housed inside the first cap ( 61 ) in a sliding manner; each cap having:
 one sheet ( 2 ) oriented horizontally, with one rear edge ( 63 ), one front edge ( 64 ), and two side edges ( 65 ); 
 a rear plate ( 52 ) connected to the rear edge ( 63 ) of sheet ( 2 ); and 
 two side plates ( 66 ) connected to the side edges ( 65 ) of the sheet ( 2 ), and connected to the rear plate ( 52 ); 
   where the front edge of the sheet ( 2 ) and the side edges ( 65 ) form a hollow front face; and,   where the hollow front face of the first cap ( 61 ) is inserted into the hollow front face of the second cap ( 62 ).   
     
     
         17 . The mechanism of  claim 1 , characterized because the structural element ( 4 ) has at least one joist ( 13 ), each joist ( 13 ) having a side hole ( 14 ) that is aligned with a hole ( 5 ) of a plate ( 1 );
 where the structural element ( 4 ) is secured to the plate ( 1 ) with a fixing means that passes through the side hole ( 14 ) and the hole ( 5 ); and   where each joist ( 13 ) includes a first pivot ( 14 A) connected to a joint ( 120 ).   
     
     
         18 . The mechanism of  claim 17 , characterized by the structural element ( 4 ) being selected amongst:
 an L ( 111 B) composed of two joists ( 13 ) orthogonal to each other;   a T ( 50 C) composed of three joists ( 13 ), where two joists ( 13 ) are collinear with each other, and one joist ( 13 ) is orthogonal to the collinear joists ( 13 ); and   a cross ( 28 B) composed of four joists ( 13 ) equiangularly separated from each other.   
     
     
         19 . The mechanism of  claim 17 , characterized because the articulation ( 120 ) comprises:
 a support connected to a structural element ( 4 ) by a tongue and groove joint, where the support has a second pivot ( 14 A) aligned with a first pivot ( 14 A) of a joist ( 13 ); and   a pin through the pivots ( 14 A) of the joist ( 13 ) and support.   
     
     
         20 . The mechanism of  claim 1 , characterized because the structural element ( 4 ) is a load support ( 107 ) having at least one female profile ( 108 ) attached to a male profile ( 109 ), each profile ( 108 ,  109 ) including a supporting through-hole ( 110 ) aligned with a hole ( 5 ) in a plate ( 3 );
 where the load support ( 107 ) is secured to the plate ( 3 ) with a fixing means that passes through the support through-hole ( 110 ) and the plate ( 3 ) hole ( 5 ).   
     
     
         21 . The mechanism of  claim 20 , characterized by the load support ( 107 ) having at least one nut ( 108 B) collinearly connected to the support through-hole ( 110 ) of a profile ( 108 ,  109 );
 where the load support ( 107 ) is secured to the plate ( 1 ) with a screw ( 108 A) that goes through the support through-hole ( 110 ) and the plate hole ( 5 ) ( 3 ) and connects to the nut ( 108 B).   
     
     
         22 . The mechanism of  claim 21 , characterized by the load support ( 107 ) resting on a bracket ( 114 );
 where the bracket ( 114 ) includes a protuberance that connects to an adjustable guide ( 113 ) located on a vertical support.   
     
     
         23 . The mechanism of  claim 22 , characterized by the vertical support including a vertical profile of rectangular cross section and at least two adjustable guides ( 113 ), each adjustable guide ( 113 ) being located on one side of the vertical profile of rectangular cross section. 
     
     
         24 . The mechanism of  claim 23 , characterized because the vertical support is selected from among:
 an L-type support ( 111 C) which has two adjustable guides ( 113 ) located on two orthogonal sides of the vertical profile with rectangular cross section;   a T-type support ( 50 C) consisting of three adjustable guides ( 113 ), where two adjustable guides ( 113 ) are located on two parallel sides of the vertical rectangular cross-section profile;   a cross type support ( 28 C) consisting of four adjustable guides ( 113 ), each adjustable guide ( 113 ) being located on one side of the vertical profile with a rectangular cross section.   
     
     
         25 . The mechanism of  claim 22 , characterized because the vertical support has:
 a lower end that has a tab, with at least one threaded hole aligned with an adjustable guide ( 113 ); and   at least one support screw ( 112 ) connected to the threaded hole;   
       where the protrusion of the bracket ( 114 ) is inserted into the adjustable guide ( 113 ) and rests on the support screw ( 112 ). 
     
     
         26 . The mechanism of  claim 6 , characterized by the fact that the sheet ( 2 ) includes at least one orthogonal stiffening profile ( 2 B) attached to an internal face of the plate ( 2 ) and extending between two plates ( 3 ) parallel to each other. 
     
     
         27 . The mechanism of  claim 26 , characterized by the fact the sheet ( 2 ) includes at least one diagonal stiffening profile ( 2 C) attached to an internal face of the sheet ( 2 ); where the sheet ( 2 ) has four vertices coinciding with a corner profile ( 11 ); where the diagonal stiffening profile ( 2 C) extends between two opposite corners of the sheet ( 2 ) forming an acute angle with the orthogonal stiffening profile ( 2 B). 
     
     
         28 . The mechanism of  claim 1 , characterized because it includes a plurality of coffers ( 1 ) connected to each other with structural elements ( 4 ) forming a parabolic structure, the parabolic structure includes:
 an articulated support ( 115 B) consisting of a leg-joint ( 119 B) with three holes:
 one articulated through-hole ( 122 A); 
 a coffer through-hole ( 122 B) aligned with a hole ( 5 ) of a coffer ( 1 ) plate ( 3 ), where a fixing means passes through the hole ( 5 ) and the coffer through-hole ( 122 B) and secures the coffer ( 1 ) to the parabolic structure; 
 assembly through-hole ( 122 C); 
   a configuration ( 119 B,  122 E) connected to the hinged through-hole ( 122 A) with fixing means;   a configuration ( 119 B,  121 B) connected with fixing means to the assembly through-hole ( 122 C);   an adjustable screw with opposing threads ( 124 ) that is articulated at its ends at the bottom ( 124 A) and at the top ( 124 B), located at the end of the leg of the leg-joint element ( 119 B); and   two joints joined with pins that are inserted into through-holes ( 125 ) in the screw ( 124 ).