Composition and method for preventing or reducing low speed pre-ignition in spark-ignited internal combustion engines

Abstract

R1, R2, R3, and R4 are each independently selected from hydrogen, aromatic ring, and a C1-C20 alkyl group and R5 is hydrogen or an alcohol having the structure —(CH)R6—OH. R6 is hydrogen, a C1-C10 alkyl group, or a C1-C10 alkenyl group, or a salt thereof.

1 . A fuel composition comprising (1) greater than 50 wt % of a hydrocarbon fuel boiling in the gasoline or diesel range and (2) a minor amount of:
 a low-speed pre-ignition (LSPI)-reducing additive comprising one or more of an amidine, or a beta-amino alkanol having the structure   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4  are each independently selected from hydrogen, aromatic ring, and a C 1 -C 20  alkyl group and R 5  is hydrogen or an alcohol having the structure —(CH)R 6 —OH wherein R 6  is hydrogen, a C 1 -C 10  alkyl group, or a C 1 -C 10  alkenyl group, or a salt thereof. 
       
     
     
         2 . The fuel composition of  claim 1 , wherein two or more of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4  form a ring structure. 
     
     
         3 . The fuel composition of  claim 1 , wherein at least one of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4  is an aromatic rings. 
     
     
         4 . The fuel composition of  claim 1 , wherein the LSPI-reducing additive is an amino alcohol. 
     
     
         5 . The fuel composition of  claim 4 , wherein the amino alcohol is an aminoheptyl propanediol, an aminooctyl propanediol, or an aminododecyl ethanol, 
     
     
         6 . The fuel composition of  claim 1 , wherein the LSPI-reducing additive is 3-(heptan-2-ylamino)propane-1,2-diol, 3-(methyl(octyl)amino)propane-1,2-diol, or 2-(methyl(dodecyl)amino)ethan-1-ol. 
     
     
         7 . The fuel composition of  claim 1 , wherein the LSPI-reducing additive is DBU 2-methylquinolin-8-olate, or DBU C24-salicylate. 
     
     
         8 . The fuel composition of  claim 1 , wherein the salt thereof comprises a secondary additive comprising one or more of: acid additive, phenol additive, 1,3 dicarbonyl additive, hydroxamide additive, antioxidant additive or a salicylate additive. 
     
     
         9 . A fuel concentrate comprising (1) from 90 to 30 wt % of an organic solvent boiling in a range of from 65° C. to 205° C. and (2) from 10 to 70 wt % of an additive component selected from one or more of
 an amidine, or a beta-amino alkanol having the structure 
 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4  are each independently selected from hydrogen, aromatic ring, and a C 1 -C 20  alkyl group and R 5  is hydrogen or an alcohol having the structure —(CH)R 6 —OH wherein R 6  is hydrogen, a C 1 -C 10  alkyl group, or a C 1 -C 10  alkenyl group, or a salt thereof. 
       
     
     
         10 . The fuel concentrate of  claim 9 , wherein two or more of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4  form a ring structure. 
     
     
         11 . The fuel concentrate of  claim 9 , wherein at least one of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4  is an aromatic rings. 
     
     
         12 . The fuel concentrate of  claim 9 , wherein the LSPI-reducing additive is an amino alcohol. 
     
     
         13 . The fuel concentrate of  claim 12 , wherein the amino alcohol is an aminoheptyl propanediol, an aminooctyl propanediol, or an aminododecyl ethanol, 
     
     
         14 . The fuel concentrate of  claim 9 , wherein the LSPI-reducing additive is 3-(heptan-2-ylamino)propane-1,2-diol, 3-(methyl(octyl)amino)propane-1,2-diol, or 2-(methyl(dodecyl)amino)ethan-1-ol. 
     
     
         15 . The fuel concentrate of  claim 9 , wherein the LSPI-reducing additive is DBU 2-methylquinolin-8-olate, or DBU C24-salicylate. 
     
     
         16 . A method of reducing low-speed pre-ignition events in an engine comprising
 (1) greater than 50 wt % of a hydrocarbon fuel boiling in the gasoline or diesel range and (2) a minor amount of a low-speed pre-ignition (LSPI)-reducing additive comprising one or more of:   a triazole, an amidine, a beta-amino alkanol having the structure   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4  are each independently selected from hydrogen and a C 1 -C 20  alkyl group and R 5  is hydrogen or an alcohol having the structure —(CH)R 6 —OH wherein R 6  is hydrogen, a C 1 -C 10  alkyl group, or a C 1 -C 10  alkenyl group, or a salt thereof. 
       
     
     
         17 . The method of  claim 16 , wherein the triazole is a benzotriazole. 
     
     
         18 . The method of  claim 16 , wherein LSPI-reducing additive is an amino alcohol. 
     
     
         19 . The method of  claim 16 , wherein the amino alcohol is an aminoheptyl propanediol, an aminooctyl propanediol, or an aminododecyl ethanol, 
     
     
         20 . The method of  claim 16 , wherein the LSPI-reducing additive is 3-(heptan-2-ylamino)propane-1,2-diol, 3-(methyl(octyl)amino)propane-1,2-diol, or 2-(methyl(dodecyl)amino)ethan-1-ol.