Electric energy allocation bus system and electric energy allocation method

Abstract

The present application provides an electric energy allocation bus system, including one or more pairs of electric energy allocation buses, which realizes controllable electric quantity transfer among batteries, power generation devices and electrical loads. The electric energy allocation bus system has an electric energy transfer mode between the batteries and the power generation devices called “valley filling” mode; an electric energy transfer between the batteries and the electric loads called “peak clipping” mode; and an electric energy transfer between the power generation devices and the electric loads called “direct power supply” mode. An electric energy allocation method is further provided to realize the controllable electric energy transfer among batteries, power generation devices and electrical loads.

We claim: 
     
         1 . An electric energy allocation bus system, comprising: one or more pairs of electric energy allocation buses, by which a battery, a power generation device and/or an electric load are connected to realize controllable electric quantity transfer among the battery, the power generation device and the electrical load;
 wherein, 2 or more batteries are provided, and the batteries are grouped in series or grouped in series-parallel which is to group in series after grouped in parallel;   the sum of power generation devices and electric loads is 1 or greater than 1;   the batteries accessed to the electric energy allocation buses are less than the total number of the batteries;   a rated output voltage of the power generation devices accessed to the electric energy allocation buses is less than that of a battery pack;   a rated working voltage of the electric loads accessed to the electric energy allocation buses is less than that of the battery pack; and   all of the batteries, the power generation devices or the electric loads accessed to the electric energy allocation bus system have switches under unified coordination and control to realize electrical connection with or disconnection from the electric energy allocation buses; or the batteries, the power generation devices or the electrical loads do not have the above switches, but lines accessed to the buses have switches under unified coordination and control to control electrical connection with or disconnection from the electric energy allocation buses.   
     
     
         2 . The electric energy allocation bus system of  claim 1 , wherein an electric energy transfer between the batteries and the power generation devices is a “valley filling” mode: the power generation devices and a battery with a minimum remaining electric quantity or a specified battery in the battery pack are simultaneously accessed to electric energy allocation buses of a same group, and the battery with the minimum remaining electric quantity or the specified battery in the battery pack is charged by using the power generation devices. 
     
     
         3 . The electric energy allocation bus system of  claim 1 , wherein an electric energy transfer between the batteries and the electric loads is a “peak clipping” mode:
 a battery with a maximum remaining electric quantity or a specified battery in the battery pack and an electrical load device are simultaneously accessed to the electric energy allocation buses of the same group, and the electrical load is powered by the battery with the maximum remaining electric quantity or the specified battery in the battery pack. 
 
     
     
         4 . The electric energy allocation bus system of  claim 1 , wherein an electric energy transfer between the power generation devices and the electric loads is a “direct power supply” mode: the power generation devices and the electrical loads are simultaneously accessed to the electric energy allocation buses of the same group, and the electrical loads are directly powered by using the power generation devices. 
     
     
         5 . The electric energy allocation bus system of  claim 1 , wherein the battery is a smart battery which comprises:
 a control unit, comprising:   (1) a main control module for coordinating cooperative work of various modules of the smart battery, coordinating work of all modules of other smart batteries in a same group and connected power generation devices/electrical loads through a communication interface, communicating with a superior control system of a smart battery pack, reporting data of the smart battery pack, and receiving and executing commands of the superior control system of the smart battery pack;   (2) a charging module for executing a charging command issued directly by the main control module, charging the smart battery according to supplied charging parameters, and adjusting the supplied charging parameters in real time according to received latest charging parameters;   (3) an electric quantity transfer module for externally supplying power by using electric energy of the smart battery under control of the main control module; and   (4) a communication module for transmitting data between smart batteries of the same group, between the smart battery pack and the superior control system of the smart battery pack and between a power generation devices or electrical loads accessed to communication buses and the smart battery;   a body portion;   a connecting wire;   a sensor; and   a shell,   wherein the control unit is configured to control coordinately, acquire information, analyze statistic, control actively and give external feedback;   when controlling coordinately, the control unit coordinates and controls cooperative work of other smart batteries in a smart battery pack and power generation devices or electrical loads accessed to a same electric energy allocation bus through a communication interface, including: keeping clocks of all smart batteries synchronous and keeping synchronous with a clock of a superior control system of the smart battery pack, coordinating and determining a control unit of a certain smart battery in the smart battery pack, coordinating data collection and transmission of other smart batteries, coordinating calibration of data collection precision of all the smart batteries in the smart battery pack, controlling data collection types and frequencies of all smart batteries, upgrading programs of the control unit, and performing self-tests of the control unit of each smart battery;   when acquiring information, the control unit is further configured to: acquire information of the smart battery, including voltage, current, internal resistance, temperature, environmental temperature, motion states, vibration and acceleration data through a data collection function of the control unit, acquire above information of each of other smart batteries in the same group and clock/self-test/calibration information through a communication function of the control unit, acquire voltage/current data on the electric energy allocation bus, acquire external interaction commands and environmental temperature information through the communication function of the control unit, and add time stamps on all above information and store the information;   when analyzing the statistic, the control unit is configured to count, analyze and compute the number of charging and discharging cycles of each smart battery in the smart battery pack, charging and discharging depth, remaining electric quantity and deterioration degree according to the acquired information, compute charging parameters suitable for each smart battery according to commands, compute power supply and electricity use information accessed to the electric energy allocation bus for switching different smart batteries and/or power generation devices and/or electrical loads to access to the electric energy allocation bus or disconnect from the electric energy allocation bus, and add time stamps on all above information and stores the information;   when control actively, the control unit is configured to perform electric quantity transfer among the smart batteries belonging to a same group to realize a reallocation of the remaining electric quantity among all the smart batteries, or to charge partial or all the smart batteries in the smart battery pack through the power supply devices accessed to the electric energy allocation bus, switch corresponding smart batteries and/or power generation devices and/or electrical loads to access to the electric energy allocation bus or disconnect from the electric energy allocation bus according to a statistic analysis result; the control unit is configured to adjust charging parameters dynamically based on a statistic analysis computation result and the external commands;   when giving external feedback, the control unit passively answers the external interaction commands or actively issues information to an outward;   the control unit adopts a full-time charging mode or a time-sharing charging mode; wherein the full-time charging mode is to complete charging by the control unit in an entire charging process, and the time-sharing charging mode is to complete the entire charging process; and   the smart battery comprises connecting wires, a positive leading wire and a negative leading wire of the body portion are respectively connected with a positive binding post and a negative binding post of the shell of the smart battery, and an overload protection apparatus and a current sensor are installed on a connecting circuit; a positive output end and a negative output end for charging function and an input end for electric quantity transfer function in the control unit are respectively connected with the positive leading wire and the negative leading wire of the body portion; and the current sensor is installed on the connecting circuit;   the main control module is directly connected to the charging module, the communication module and the electric quantity transfer module, respectively;   input ends of both the charging module and the electric quantity transfer module are connected to the electric energy allocation bus and output ends of both the charging module and the electric quantity transfer module are connected to the body portion; and   the main control module, the charging module, the communication module and the electric quantity transfer module are independent hardware components.   
     
     
         6 . The electric energy allocation bus system of  claim 5 , wherein the body portion of the smart battery is a battery or a battery module formed by at least two batteries. 
     
     
         7 . The electric energy allocation bus system of  claim 5 , wherein the smart battery comprises an integrated or split shell; the control unit, the body portion, the connecting wire and the sensor are combined together; the shell is provided with exposed positive binding post and negative binding post and a plurality of interfaces, including partial or all interfaces such as an environmental temperature sensor interface, a power supply interface, an electric energy allocation bus interface, a heat dissipation interface, a calibration interface, a communication interface and a program upgrade interface; all interfaces are independent or combined into one interface. 
     
     
         8 . An electric energy allocation method, comprising: with the electric energy allocation bus system of  claim 1 , realizing a controllable electric energy transfer among the batteries, the power generation devices and the electrical loads accessed to the electric energy allocation bus system by adopting one or more of the following electric energy transfer modes:
 i) “valley filling” mode between the batteries and the power generation devices: the power generation devices and a battery with a minimum remaining electric quantity or a specified battery in the battery pack are simultaneously accessed to electric energy allocation buses of a same group, and the battery with the minimum remaining electric quantity or the specified battery in the battery pack is charged using the power generation devices;   ii) “peak clipping” mode between the batteries and the electric loads: a battery with a maximum remaining electric quantity or a specified battery in the battery pack and an electrical load device are simultaneously accessed to the electric energy allocation buses of the same group, and the electrical load is powered by the battery with the maximum remaining electric quantity or the specified battery in the battery pack; and   iii) “direct power supply” mode between the power generation devices and the electric loads: the power generation devices and the electrical loads are simultaneously accessed to the electric energy allocation buses of the same group, and the electrical loads are directly powered by using the power generation devices.