Process of alkaline catalytic cracking of inferior heavy oil with double reaction tubes in milliseconds and gaseous coupling

Abstract

The invention provides a process of alkaline catalytic cracking of inferior heavy oil with double reaction tubes in milliseconds and gaseous coupling, the process comprising: a high-efficiency atomizing nozzle sprays the preheated heavy oil into an upper portion of a downflow reaction tube, the produced oil mist mixes with a high temperature regenerated alkaline catalyst flowing downward from a dual-regulation return feeder, so as to heat, vaporize and crack the oil mist, the obtained stream containing a cracked oil and gas and an alkali catalyst to be generated flows rapidly and downward to the bottom of the downflow reaction tube to carry out a gas-solid separation; then the cracked oil and gas obtained from the gas-solid separation enters a fractionation column to be separated, the oil slurry obtained by separating the cracked oil and gas returns to mix with the heavy oil for recyclable use, while the other products separated from the cracked oil and gas are output as intermediate products; the alkali catalyst to be generated obtained from the gas-solid separation is subject to steam stripping and enters into a lower portion of a riser gasification reactor and carries out a catalytic gasification reaction with an oxidant and water vapor at a reaction temperature of 750° C. to 1,000° C., the subsequently generated material stream containing synthesis gas and regenerated alkaline catalyst flows rapidly and upward to a top of the riser gasification reactor to carry out a gas-solid separation; the high-temperature regenerated alkaline catalyst obtained from the gas-solid separation flows into the dual-regulation return feeder, wherein a portion of the high-temperature regenerated alkaline catalyst flows into the downflow reaction tube to continue to crack the heavy oil, the remaining portion of the high-temperature regenerated alkaline catalyst returns to the riser gasification reactor so as to continue the regeneration gasification; the synthesis gas obtained from the gas-solid separation is subject to a heat exchange and then output as a product.

1 . A process of alkaline catalytic cracking of inferior heavy oil with double reaction tubes in milliseconds and gaseous coupling, wherein the process comprising:
 1) a high-efficiency atomizing nozzle sprays the inferior heavy oil preheated to 180° C.-350° C. from a feed inlet of a downflow reaction tube into an upper portion of the downflow reaction tube, the produced oil mist mixes with a high temperature regenerated alkaline catalyst having a temperature ranging from 700° C.-950° C. flowing downward from a dual-regulation return feeder in milliseconds, so as to heat, vaporize and crack the oil mist, the cracking reaction temperature is within a range of 530° C.-850° C.; a stream containing a cracked oil and gas and a coked alkali catalyst to be generated is obtained, this stream flows rapidly and downward to a rapid gas-solid separator at the bottom of the downflow reaction tube to carry out a gas-solid separation to obtain the cracked oil and gas and the coked alkali catalyst to be generated respectively;   2A) the cracked oil and gas enters a fractionation column to be chilled and separated, thereby obtain a column bottom oil slurry and other products including gasoline, diesel oil, liquefied gas and cracked dry gas, respectively; the column bottom oil slurry returns to mix with the heavy oil for recyclable use, and the other products including gasoline, diesel oil, liquefied gas and cracked dry gas are output as intermediate products;   2B) the coked alkali catalyst to be generated is subject to steam stripping and then passes through a flow controller and enters into a lower portion of a riser gasification reactor to mix with an oxidant and water vapor to carry out a catalytic gasification regeneration reaction at a reaction temperature of 750° C. to 1,000° C., thereby generating a material stream containing synthesis gas and regenerated alkaline catalyst, this material stream flows rapidly and upward to a gas-solid separator on the top of the riser gasification reactor to carry out a gas-solid separation to obtain a high-temperature regenerated alkaline catalyst and a synthesis gas, respectively;   3A) the high-temperature regenerated alkaline catalyst flows into the dual-regulation return feeder such that a portion of the high-temperature regenerated alkaline catalyst with a catalyst/oil ratio of 3-12 flows into a top of the downflow reaction tube, thereby participating in the circulation and cracking of the heavy oil in the downflow reaction tube, and the remaining portion of the high-temperature regenerated alkaline catalyst passes through a recycle tube and returns to a lower portion of the riser gasification reactor so as to continue participation in the gasification regeneration reaction;   3B) the synthesis gas is subject to a heat exchange and then output as a product.   
     
     
         2 . The process of alkaline catalytic cracking of inferior heavy oil with double reaction tubes in milliseconds and gaseous coupling according to  claim 1  wherein the oxidant is one of oxygen, air, and oxygen-enriched air. 
     
     
         3 . The process of alkaline catalytic cracking of inferior heavy oil with double reaction tubes in milliseconds and gaseous coupling according to  claim 1 , wherein the alkaline catalyst is one of calcium aluminate porous microsphere, magnesium aluminum spinel porous microsphere, calcium silicate porous microsphere, magnesium silicate porous microsphere, a porous carrier loaded with alkali metal or/and alkaline-earth metal or a mixture thereof, the particle size ranges from 5 μm to 300 μm.