Mechanical blasthole stemming device for blasting operations

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of blasting operations. The mechanical stemming device has the following elements. A sleeve having expandable structures and, positioned in a cavity thereof, an element that has wedge-type surfaces. Conductors are arranged in the elements of the stemming plug in functional channels. The sleeve has an end surface that faces the mouth of the hole and that forms a thrust surface to allow action on this surface as the expandable structures are wedged into place. The element is equipped with a structural and functional stopping and gauging tool that has reference elements. The invention allows a stemming device to be secured at a set distance from the mouth of a hole while completely avoiding it coming into contact with the explosive.

1 . Mechanical bordering for implementation of the technology for charging the mine opening in the form of the blasthole or the well during drilling and blasting operations is designed in the form of the wedge type cleat door structurally comprising the external bushing with extension structures and the element placed inside its cavity with at least one external wedge surface that interfaces with the inner surfaces of the bushing extension structures facing it; however, there are the technological channels constructively formed inside said elements of the cleat door that functionally are the means for placement of the detonator initiating impulse conductors that (i.e. technological channels) are spatially arranged so as to provide for output of the free ends of said conductors outside the bushing towards the mine opening mouth, and the bushing is designed with its end surface facing the mine opening mouth that functionally is a thrust surface for provision of external dynamic impact thereon along the axis of the bushing in the process of wedging out of its extension structures while ensuring movement of this bushing in relation to the element with at least one wedge surface, characterized in that the element with at least one wedge surface is fitted with a constructional and technological retaining and measuring tool that is mechanically coupled with this element in the axial direction; however, said retaining and measuring tool is fitted with constructional and technological reference elements and functionally is the tool for identification of the specified cleat door installation positioning from the mine opening mouth and, accordingly, is the tool for coupling of the element with at least one wedge surface with rigid base structure to ensure fixation of said element (with at least one wedge surface) in set position at the specified cleat door installation site in the process of wedging out of said bushing extension structures. 
     
     
         2 . Mechanical bordering according to  claim 1  characterized in that the retaining and measuring tool is designed in the form of a flexible structure (e.g. in the form of a cable or tape) with reference marks in the form of metric scale, the free end of which functionally is the coupling element with said rigid base structure, e.g. operator arm holding the free end of such structure. 
     
     
         3 . Mechanical bordering according to  claim 1  characterized in that the retaining and measuring tool is designed in the form of a bar with technologically set length as the measuring tool that is functionally a constructional structure of an element with at least one wedge surface; however, this bar has the L-shaped projection at its end protruding outside the bushing, that functionally is the reference element for coupling with rigid base structure which functionally, for example, is the area of the rock surface adjacent to the mine opening mouth; and this L-shaped projection is fitted with the thrust surface to ensure contact with said area of rock surface. 
     
     
         4 . Mechanical bordering for implementation of the technology for charging a mine opening in the form of a blasthole or a well during drilling and blasting operations designed in the form of a wedge type cleat door that structurally comprises two mutually movable constructional elements with opposing wedge surfaces that interface with each other when said constructional elements are in the operating position in the course of wedging out. However, at least one said element of the cleat door has technological channels constructively formed inside thereof that functionally serve as the means for placement of the detonator initiating impulse conductors, and they (i.e., technological channels) are spatially arranged so as to provide for output of the free ends of said conductors outside the cleat door towards the mouth of the mine opening functional cavity. And the first of the mutually movable elements has an end surface with larger area facing the mine opening mouth that functionally is a thrust surface for provision of external dynamic impact thereon along the axis of the cleat door in the course of wedging out, with provision of movement for this first element with the wedge surface in relation to the second, mating element that interfaces with it characterized in that the second mutually moveable element is fitted with constructional and technological retaining and measuring tool that is mechanically coupled with this second element in the axial direction, wherein said retaining and measuring tool is fitted with constructional and technological reference elements and functionally is the tool for identification of the specified cleat door installation positioning from the mine opening mouth and, accordingly, is the tool for coupling of the second structural element with the rigid base structure to ensure fixation of said second element in set position at the specified cleat door installation site in the process of wedging out of mutually movable elements thereof. 
     
     
         5 . Mechanical bordering according to  claim 4  characterized in that the retaining and measuring tool is designed in the form of a flexible structure (e.g. in the form of a cable or tape) with reference marks in the form of metric scale the free end of which functionally is the coupling element with said rigid base structure (e.g. operator arm holding the free end of the flexible structure). 
     
     
         6 . Mechanical bordering according to  claim 4  characterized in that the retaining and measuring tool is designed in the form of a bar with technologically set length that is functionally a constructional structure of the second structural element (held in axial direction) of the cleat door. However, this bar has L-shaped projection at its end (protruding outside the cleat door) that (i.e. the L-shaped projection) functionally is the reference element for coupling with said rigid base structure (which, for example, functionally can be the area of the rock surface adjacent to the mouth of mine opening). And this L-shaped projection is fitted with a thrust surface to ensure contact with said area of rock surface.