Heating electrode device, electrical heating glass, heat-generating plate, vehicle, window for building, sheet with conductor, conductive pattern sheet, conductive heat-generating body, laminated glass, and manufacturing method for conductive heat-generating body

Abstract

A heating electrode device for energizing the heating a glass is provided. A heating electrode device includes a plurality of heat-generating conducting bodies extending as having a rectangular cross section and arranged in a direction different from the extending direction. In the cross section perpendicular to the extending direction of the heat-generating conducting body, when it is assumed that a thickness that is a size in a direction perpendicular to an arrangement direction be H and a size of a lager side of sides parallel to the arrangement direction be WB, H/WB>1.0 is satisfied.

1 . A heating electrode device for energizing and heating glass, comprising:
 a plurality of heat-generating conducting bodies configured to extend as having a rectangular cross section and be arranged in a direction different from the extending direction, wherein   regarding the heat-generating conducting body, when it is assumed that a thickness which is a size in a direction perpendicular to an arrangement direction of a cross section perpendicular to the extending direction be H and a size of a larger side of sides parallel to the arrangement direction be W B , H/W B >1.0 is satisfied.   
     
     
         2 . The heating electrode device according to  claim 1 , wherein in the cross section of the heat-generating conducting body perpendicular to the extending direction, when it is assumed that a size of an opposite side from the side having the size of W B  be W T , W B >W T , 3 μm≤W B ≤15 μm, and 1 μm≤W T ≤12 μm are satisfied. 
     
     
         3 . The heating electrode device according to  claim 1 , comprising:
 a transparent base material layer, wherein   the heat-generating conducting body is arranged on one surface of the base material layer, and one surface of the heat-generating conducting body has contact with the surface of the base material layer.   
     
     
         4 . A heating electrode device for energizing and heating glass, comprising:
 a plurality of linear heat-generating conducting bodies, wherein   regarding the heat-generating conducting body, when it is assumed that a distance between both ends be D (mm) and a length along the heat-generating conducting body between both ends be L (mm),
   1.02· D≤L< 1.50· D  is satisfied.
 
   
     
     
         5 . The heating electrode device according to  claim 4 , wherein
 when it is assumed that a pitch of the plurality of heat-generating conducting bodies be P (mm), a surface area of one surface of the heat-generating conducting body in a thickness direction per length of 0.01 m in a plan view be S B  (μm 2 ), and a surface area of the other surface of the heat-generating conducting body per length of 0.01 m in a plan view be S T  (μm 2 ),
   0.5 mm≤ P≤ 5.00 mm and
 
   0 μm 2   <S   B   −S   T ≤30000 μm 2 are satisfied.
 
   
     
     
         6 . The heating electrode device according to  claim 5 , wherein
 in the cross section perpendicular to the extending direction of the heat-generating conducting body, when it is assumed that a length of a side on the side of S B  (μm 2 ) be W B (μm), and a length of a side on the side of S T  (μm 2 ) be W T  (μm),
     W   B   >W   T , 
   3 μm≤ W   B ≤15 μm, and
 
   1 μm≤ W   T ≤12 μm are satisfied.
 
   
     
     
         7 . The heating electrode device according to  claim 4 , comprising:
 a transparent base material layer, wherein   the heat-generating conducting body is arranged on one surface of the base material layer, and one surface of the heat-generating conducting body has contact with the surface of the base material layer.   
     
     
         8 . An electrical heating glass comprising: a transparent first panel; a transparent second panel arranged as having a gap with the first panel; and the heating electrode device according to  claim 1  arranged in the gap between the first panel and the second panel. 
     
     
         9 . A heat-generating plate comprising:
 a supporting base material;   a pair of bus bars to which a voltage is applied; and   a heat-generating conductor supported by the supporting base material and connected to the pair of bus bars, wherein   the heat-generating conductor includes a conductive main thin wire that extends between the pair of bus bars and includes a first large curvature portion having a relatively large curvature and a first small curvature portion having a relatively small curvature, and   an inclination of a cross sectional area of the first large curvature portion of a cross sectional area of the conductive main thin wire is larger than an inclination of a cross sectional area of the first small curvature portion.   
     
     
         10 . The heat-generating plate according to  claim 9 , wherein
 the cross sectional area of the conductive main thin wire is divided by a lower bottom having contact with the supporting base material, an upper bottom arranged at a position facing to the lower bottom, a first inclined portion extending between an end of the lower bottom and an end of the upper bottom, and a second inclined portion extending between the other end of the lower bottom and the other end of the upper bottom, and   an inclination of the cross sectional area is expressed by each of an inclination of a straight line passing through the end of the lower bottom and the end of the upper bottom and an inclination of a straight line passing through the other end of the lower bottom and the other end of the upper bottom.   
     
     
         11 . The heat-generating plate according to  claim 10 , wherein a sum of projection sizes of the first inclined portion and the second inclined portion on the cross sectional area of the first small curvature portion on the supporting base material is larger than a sum of projection sizes of the first inclined portion and the second inclined portion on the cross sectional area of the first large curvature portion on the supporting base material. 
     
     
         12 . The heat-generating plate according to  claim 9 , wherein projection of the cross sectional area of the first small curvature portion on the supporting base material is larger than projection of the cross sectional area of the first large curvature portion on the supporting base material. 
     
     
         13 . The heat-generating plate according to  claim 10 , wherein a gap between the upper bottom and the lower bottom of the cross sectional area of the first small curvature portion is equal to a gap between the upper bottom and the lower bottom of the cross sectional area of the first large curvature portion. 
     
     
         14 . The heat-generating plate according to  claim 9 , wherein
 the plurality of conductive main thin wires is provided, and   the heat-generating conductor further includes a conductive sub thin wire for connecting the conductive main thin wires arranged adjacent to each other in at least a part of the plurality of conductive main thin wires.   
     
     
         15 . The heat-generating plate according to  claim 14 , wherein the conductive sub thin wire includes a second large curvature portion having a relatively large curvature and a second small curvature portion having a relatively small curvature. 
     
     
         16 . The heat-generating plate according to  claim 9 , further comprising:
 a covering member configured to cover the heat-generating conductor, wherein   the heat-generating conductor is arranged between the supporting base material and the covering member.   
     
     
         17 . A heat-generating plate that generates heat when a voltage is applied, comprising:
 a pair of glasses;   a pair of bus bars to which a voltage is applied; and   a heat-generating conductor configured to couple between the pair of bus bars, wherein   the heat-generating conductor includes a plurality of conductive thin wires that linearly extends between the pair of bus bars and couples between the pair of bus bars, and   an average W ave  of a width W of the conductive thin wire is within a range of the following formula (a) relative to a standard deviation σ of distribution of the width W,
   0≤4σ/ W   ave ≤0.3  Formula(a)
 
   
     
     
         18 . The heat-generating plate according to  claim 17 , wherein
 the conductive thin wire includes a large curvature portion having a relatively large curvature and a small curvature portion having a relatively small curvature, and   the width W of the conductive thin wire is thin in the large curvature portion and thick in the small curvature portion.   
     
     
         19 . A heat-generating plate that generates heat when a voltage is applied, comprising:
 a pair of glasses;   a pair of bus bars to which a voltage is applied; and   a heat-generating conductor configured to couple between the pair of bus bars, wherein   the heat-generating conductor includes a plurality of main conductive thin wires that linearly extends between the pair of bus bars and couples between the pair of bus bars and a coupling conductive thin wire for coupling between two adjacent main conductive thin wires, and   each coupling conductive thin wire has three or more different patterns.   
     
     
         20 . The heat-generating plate according to  claim 19 , wherein the coupling conductive thin wire is a straight line, a circular arc, or a combination of a straight line and a circular arc. 
     
     
         21 . The heat-generating plate according to  claim 19 , wherein each coupling conductive thin wire has a pattern different from those of all the other coupling conductive thin wires. 
     
     
         22 . A sheet with a conductor used for a heat-generating plate that generates heat when a voltage is applied, comprising:
 a base film;   a pair of bus bars to which a voltage is applied; and   a heat-generating conductor configured to couple between the pair of bus bars, wherein   the heat-generating conductor includes a plurality of main conductive thin wires that linearly extends between the pair of bus bars and couples between the pair of bus bars and a coupling conductive thin wire for coupling between two adjacent main conductive thin wires, and   each coupling conductive thin wire has three or more different patterns.   
     
     
         23 . A conductive heat-generating body comprising:
 a plurality of curved heat-generating bodies arranged separated from each other in a first direction and extending in a second direction intersecting with the first direction, wherein   a ratio obtained by dividing a total length of each of the plurality of curved heat-generating bodies in the second direction by a shortest distance between both ends of each of the plurality of curved heat-generating bodies larger than 1.0 and equal to or less than 1.5.   
     
     
         24 . The conductive heat-generating body according to  claim 23 , wherein each of the plurality of curved heat-generating bodies is formed by connecting a plurality of periodic curved lines having irregular periods and amplitudes for each period along the second direction. 
     
     
         25 . The conductive heat-generating body according to  claim 24 , wherein end positions of the plurality of curved heat-generating bodies in the second direction are irregular. 
     
     
         26 . The conductive heat-generating body according to  claim 23 , comprising: a bypass heat-generating body configured to connect the two adjacent curved heat-generating bodies in the first direction. 
     
     
         27 . The conductive heat-generating body according to  claim 26 , wherein connection positions of the bypass heat-generating body are irregular for each of the plurality of curved heat-generating bodies. 
     
     
         28 . The conductive heat-generating body according to  claim 23 , comprising:
 a plurality of heat-generating body rows of which some of heat-generating body rows are aligned in each of the first direction and the second direction, wherein   each of the plurality of heat-generating body rows includes the plurality of curved heat-generating bodies, and   the corresponding curved heat-generating bodies in two heat-generating body rows arranged adjacent to each other in the second direction are connected to each other.   
     
     
         29 . The conductive heat-generating body according to  claim 28 , wherein a shortest distance between both ends of each of the plurality of curved heat-generating bodies included in each of the plurality of heat-generating body rows is equal to or more than 50 mm. 
     
     
         30 . The conductive heat-generating body according to  claim 28  further comprising:
 a pair of bus bar electrodes arranged separated from each other in the second direction and extending in the first direction; and 
 a plurality of wavy line heat-generating bodies arranged separated from each other in the first direction and extending in the second direction to be connected to the pair of bus bar electrodes, wherein 
 the plurality of wavy line heat-generating bodies is formed by connecting the plurality of curved heat-generating bodies included in each of the plurality of heat-generating body rows in the second direction. 
 
     
     
         31 . The conductive heat-generating body according to  claim 23 , further comprising: a transparent base material layer having the plurality of curved heat-generating bodies arranged on one principal surface. 
     
     
         32 . A laminated glass comprising: a pair of glass substrates configured to be arranged to face to sandwich the conductive heat-generating body according to  claim 23 . 
     
     
         33 . A manufacturing method for a conductive heat-generating body comprising:
 a step for generating a single curved heat-generating body by connecting a plurality of periodic curved lines having periods and amplitudes that are irregular for each period along a second direction intersecting with a first direction;   a step for performing normalization processing for adjusting the periods of the plurality of periodic curved lines included in the curved heat-generating body so that a shortest distance is a first limited value in a case where the shortest distance between both ends of the curved heat-generating body exceeds the first limited value;   a step for generating the single curved heat-generating body again when it is determined whether a ratio obtained by dividing a total length of the normalized curved heat-generating body in the second direction by the first limited value is within a range larger than 1.0 and equal to or less than 1.5 and it is determined that the ratio is not within the range;   a step for generating the plurality of curved heat-generating bodies arranged separated from each other in the first direction by repeating generation of the single curved heat-generating body and the normalization processing in a position with a predetermined interval from the normalized curved heat-generating body when it is determined that the ratio is within the range;   a step for adjusting a phase to make the phases of the plurality of curved heat-generating bodies in the second direction be irregular and generating a heat-generating body row including the plurality of curved heat-generating bodies of which a phase has been adjusted; and   a step for forming a pair of bus bar electrodes arranged separated from each other in the second direction on a transparent base material and extending along the first direction and arranging the plurality of heat-generating body rows in the first direction and the second direction between the pair of bus bar electrodes to form a plurality of wavy line conductors connected to the pair of bus bar electrodes and arranged separated from each other in the first direction.   
     
     
         34 . A heat-generating plate that generates heat when a voltage is applied, comprising:
 a pair of glass plates;   a conductive pattern arranged between the pair of glass plates and defining a plurality of opening regions; and   a bonding layer arranged between the conductive pattern and at least one of the pair of glass plates, wherein   the conductive pattern includes a plurality of connection elements for extending between two branch points and defining the opening region, and   the connection elements for connecting the two branch points as a straight line segment is less than 20% of the plurality of connection elements.   
     
     
         35 . The heat-generating plate according to  claim 34 , wherein an average distance between median points of two adjacent opening regions is equal to or more than 50 μm. 
     
     
         36 . The heat-generating plate according to  claim 34 , wherein a thickness of the conductive pattern is equal to or more than 2 μm. 
     
     
         37 . The heat-generating plate according to  claim 34 , wherein an average of a ratio (L 1 /L 2 ) of a length L 1  of each opening region along a first direction relative to a length L 2  of the opening region along a second direction perpendicular to the first direction is equal to or more than 1.3 and equal to or less than 1.8. 
     
     
         38 . A conductive pattern sheet used for a heat-generating plate that generates heat when a voltage is applied, the conductive pattern sheet comprising:
 a base material; and   a conductive pattern provided on the base material and defining a plurality of opening regions, wherein   the conductive pattern includes a plurality of connection elements extending between two branch points and defining the opening region, and   the connection elements for connecting the two branch points as a straight line segment are less than 20% of the plurality of connection elements.   
     
     
         39 . A vehicle comprising: the heat-generating plate according to  claim 9 . 
     
     
         40 . A window for a building comprising: the heat-generating plate according to  claim 9 . 
     
     
         41 . An electrical heating glass comprising: a transparent first panel; a transparent second panel arranged as having a gap with the first panel; and the heating electrode device according to  claim 4  arranged in the gap between the first panel and the second panel. 
     
     
         42 . A vehicle comprising: the heat-generating plate according to  claim 17 . 
     
     
         43 . A vehicle comprising: the heat-generating plate according to  claim 19 . 
     
     
         44 . A vehicle comprising: the heat-generating plate according to  claim 34 . 
     
     
         45 . A window for a building comprising: the heat-generating plate according to  claim 17 . 
     
     
         46 . A window for a building comprising: the heat-generating plate according to  claim 19 . 
     
     
         47 . A window for a building comprising: the heat-generating plate according to  claim 34 .