Methods for altering the reactivity of plant cell walls

Abstract

Methods and means are provided to produce positively charged oligosaccharides in the plant cell wall by introducing into said plant cell a Nodulation C protein fused to a heterologous Golgi signal anchor sequence.

1 . A fiber from a cotton plant consisting essentially of plant cells comprising a chimeric gene comprising:
 1. a plant-expressible promoter;   2. a DNA region coding for a Nodulation C protein fused to a signal anchor sequence for targeting to the membranes of the Golgi-apparatus; and   3. a transcription termination and polyadenylation region.   
     
     
         2 . A yarn or a fabric made from a cotton fiber according to  claim 1 . 
     
     
         3 . A method of dying cotton fibers, yarn or fabric comprising providing the fiber of  claim 1  or the yarn or fabric of  claim 2  and applying a dye reactive to said fibers, yarn or fabric. 
     
     
         4 . The fiber according to  claim 1 , wherein said signal anchor sequence is selected from the signal anchor sequence of a rat sialyl transferase, the signal anchor sequence of a human galactosyl transferase, the signal anchor sequence of the  Arabidopsis  homologue of the yeast HDEL receptor (AtERD2), the signal anchor sequence of the α-2,6-sialyltransferase, the signal anchor sequence of β1,2-xylosyltransferase from  Arabidopsis thaliana , the signal anchor sequence of N-acetylglucosaminyl transferase I from tobacco or the amino acid sequence YYHDL or LKLEI. 
     
     
         5 . The fiber according to  claim 1  or  4 , wherein said DNA region encodes a nodulation C protein obtainable from a  Rhizobium  species, an  Azorhizobium  species, a  Bradyrhizobium  species, a  Mesorhizobium  species, a  Ralstonia  species, a  Streptomyces  species, a  Burkholderia  species, a  Cupriavidus  species, a  Sinorhizobium  species, a Desulfobacterium species, a Dokdonia species, a  Methylobacterium  species, a  Phyllobacterium  species or a  Psychroflexus  species. 
     
     
         6 . The fiber according to  claim 5 , wherein said nodulation C protein comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID No 1, SEQ ID No 2, SEQ ID No 3, SEQ ID No 4, SEQ ID No 5, SEQ ID No 6, SEQ ID No 7, SEQ ID No 8, SEQ ID No 9, 1615305C, 1615305D, 1615305E, AAA26226, AAA63602, AAB16897, AAB24745, AAB34509, AAB47353, AAB51164, AAB71694, AAB91695, AAB95329, AAC80567, AAD11313, AAD11315, AAD11317, AAD11319, AAD11321, AAD11323, AAD11325, AAD11327, AAD11329, AAD11331, AAD11333, AAD11335, AAD11337, AAD11339, AAD11341, AAD11343, AAD11345, AAD11347, AAD11349, AAD11351, AAD11353, AAD11355, AAD11357, AAD11359, AAD11361, AAD11363, AAD11365, AAD11367, AAD11369, AAD11371, AAD11373, AAD11375, AAD11377, AAD11379, AAD11381, AAD11383, AAD11385, AAD11387, AAD11389, AAD11391, AAD11393, AAD11395, AAD11397, AAD11399, AAD11401, AAD11403, AAD11405, AAG60998, AAK00157, AAK39956, AAK39957, AAK39958, AAK39959, AAK39960, AAK39961, AAK39962, AAK39963, AAK39964, AAK39965, AAK39966, AAK39967, AAK50872, AAK65131, AAL88670, AAN62903, AAS91748, AAU11338, AAU11339, AAU11340, AAU11341, AAU11342, AAU11343, AAU11344, AAU11345, AAU11346, AAU11347, AAU11348, AAU11349, AAU11350, AAU11351, AAU11352, AAU11353, AAU11354, AAU11355, AAU11356, AAU11357, AAU11358, AAU11359, AAU11360, AAU11361, AAU11362, AAU11363, AAU11364, AAU11365, AAX30049, AAX30050, AAY44091, AAY44092, AAY44093, AAY89044, AAZ81541, ABC40958, ABC67303, ABD39006, ABD39007, ABD39008, ABD39009, ABD39010, ABD39011, ABD39012, ABD39013, ABD39014, ABD39015, ABD39016, ABD39017, ABD39018, ABD39019, ABD39020, ABD39021, ABD39022, ABD39023, ABD39024, ABD39025, ABD39026, ABD39027, ABD39028, ABD39029, ABD39030, ABD39031, ABD39032, ABD39033, ABD39034, ABD39035, ABD39036, ABD39037, ABD39038, ABD67413, ABD67416, ABD67419, ABD67422, ABD67425, ABD67428, ABD67431, ABD67434, ABD73319, ABD73320, ABD73321, ABD73322, ABD73323, ABD73324, ABD73325, ABD73326, ABD73327, ABD73328, ABD73329, ABD73330, ABD94161, ABD94162, ABD94163, ABD94164, ABD94165, ABF93198, ABF93199, ABF93200, ABF93201, ABF93202, ABM69186, ABM69187, ABM69188, ABM69189, ABM69190, ABN09217, ABN09218, ABN09219, ABN11177, ABN11178, ABN11179, ABP93834, ABS85176, ABS85177, ABS85178, ABS85179, ABS85180, ABS85181, ABS85182, ABU69044, ABU69045, ABU69046, ABU69047, ABU69048, ABU69049, ABU69050, ABU69051, ABU69052, ABU69053, ABU69054, ABU69055, ABU69056, ABU69057, ABU69058, ABU69059, ABU69060, ABU69061, ABU89879, ABV25689, ABV25690, ABV25691, ABV25692, ABV25693, ABV25694, ABW96196, ABW96197, ABW96198, ABW96199, ABW96200, ABW96201, ABW96202, ABW96203, ABW96204, ABW96205, ABW96206, ABW96207, ABW96208, ABW96209, ABW96210, ABW96211, ABY59633, ABY59634, ABY59635, ABY59636, ABY59637, ACA80309, ACA80310, ACA80311, ACA80312, ACA80313, ACC77565, ACD39337, ACD39338, ACD39339, ACD39340, ACD39341, ACD39342, ACD39343, ACD39344, ACD39345, ACD39346, ACD39347, ACD62595, ACD63093, ACD63094, ACD63095, ACD63096, ACD63097, ACD63098, ACD63099, ACD63100, ACD63101, ACD63102, ACD63103, ACD63104, ACF19762, ACF19763, ACF19764, ACF19765, ACF19766, ACF19767, ACF19768, ACF19769, ACF19770, ACH91221, ACH91222, ACH91223, ACH91224, ACH91225, ACH91226, ACH91227, ACH91228, ACH91229, ACH91230, ACH91231, ACH91232, ACH91233, ACH91242, ACH91243, ACH91244, ACH91245, ACH91246, ACH91247, ACH91248, ACH91249, ACI47333, ACI47334, ACI47335, ACI47336, ACI47337, ACI47338, ACI47339, ACI47340, ACI47341, ACI47342, ACI47343, ACI47344, ACI47345, ACL12058, ACL12059, ACL50517, ACL50518, ACL50519, ACL50520, ACL50521, ACL50522, ACL50523, ACM69382, ACM79634, ACM79635, ACM79636, ACM79637, ACM79638, ACM79639, ACM79640, ACM79641, ACM79642, ACM79643, ACM79644, ACM79645, ACM79646, ACN17701, ACN69201, ACN69202, ACN69203, ACN69204, ACN69205, ACN69206, ACN69207, ACN69208, ACN69209, ACN69210, ACN69211, ACN69212, ACN69213, AC058664, AC058665, AC058666, AC058667, AC058668, AC058669, AC058670, AC058671, AC058672, AC058673, AC058674, AC058675, ACP40990, ACS35430, ACS35434, ACT34091, ACT34094, ACT34097, ACT34100, ACT34101, ACT34104, ACT34107, ACT34110, ACT34113, ACT34116, ACT34119, ACT34122, ACT34125, ACT34128, ACT34131, ACT34134, ACT34137, ACT34140, ACT34143, ACV52950, ACV52951, ACV52952, ACV52953, ACV52954, ACV52955, ACX47326, ACX47327, ACX47328, ACX47329, ACX47330, ACX47331, ACX47332, ACX47333, ACX47334, ACY02884, ACY78518, ACZ52692, ACZ52693, ACZ52694, ACZ52695, ACZ52696, ACZ52697, ADD20957, ADD20958, ADD20959, ADD20960, ADD20961, ADD20962, ADD20963, ADD20964, ADD20965, ADD20966, ADD20967, ADD20968, ADD20969, ADD20970, ADD20971, ADG63645, ADG63646, ADG63647, ADG63648, ADG63649, ADG63650, ADG63651, ADG63652, ADJ18191, ADJ18192, BAA06082, BAA06083, BAA06084, BAA06085, BAA06086, BAA06087, BAA06088, BAA06089, BAA06090, BAA24092, BAB52500, C26813, CAA25810, CAA25811, CAA25814, CAA26310, CAA26311, CAA51773, CAA51774, CAA608779, CAA67139, CAB56055, CAC42489, CAD29949, CAD29950, CAD29951, CAD29952, CAD29953, CAD29954, CAD29955, CAD29956, CAD29957, CAD31533, CAD43933, CAD90257, CAD90583, CAD90584, CAD90585, CAD90586, CAD90587, CAD90588, CAH04369, CAN84684, CAP64017, EAQ38847, EAS72439, NP_106714, NP_435719, NP_443883, P04340, P04341, P04677, P04678, P04679, P06234, P06235, P17862, P24151, P26024, P50357, P53417, P72334, Q07755, Q53513, YP_001796208, YP_002605865, ZP_01050448 or ZP_01252570. 
     
     
         7 . The fiber according to  claim 1 , wherein said NODC fused to the Golgi signal anchor sequence comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID No. 11. 
     
     
         8 . The fiber according to  claim 1 , wherein said plant-expressible promoter is a fiber-specific promoter. 
     
     
         9 . The fiber according to  claim 8 , wherein said plant-expressible promoter is a fiber-specific promoter selected from the fiber-specific promoter of a beta tubulin gene from cotton, a fiber-specific promoter from an actin gene from cotton, a fiber specific promoter from a lipid transfer protein gene from cotton, a promoter from the seed coat and fiber-specific protease from cotton, a promoter from fiber-specific R2R3 MYB gene from cotton, a promoter from an expansin gene from cotton or a promoter from a chitinase gene in cotton.