Formulations and methods for antifungal activity from prunus maackii periderm

Abstract

Methods and formulations for protecting plants against various pathogens, involving the use of Prunus maackii materials, are described.

What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . A biopesticide formulation comprising:
 a non-toxic amount of  Prunus maackii  extract; and   one or more adjuvants.   
     
     
         2 . The formulation of  claim 1 , wherein the one or more adjuvants are selected from the group consisting of: surfactants; emulsifiers; thickening agents; spreaders; stickers; oils; penetrants; and wetting agents. 
     
     
         3 . The formulation of  claim 1 , further comprising at least one synthetically produced flavonoid selected from the group consisting of: 3,5,7-trihydroxy-6-methoxyflavone;
 3,5,7-trihydroxy-6-methoxyflavanone; and 5,7-dihydroxy-8-methoxyflavanone.   
     
     
         4 . The formulation of  claim 1 , wherein the extract is prepared by acetone extraction, hot water extraction, or autoclave extraction. 
     
     
         5 . A method of making a biopesticide comprising:
 extracting plant tissue of  Prunus maackii  with a solvent to form a crude extract; and   mixing a non-toxic amount of the crude extract with one or more adjuvants to produce a biopesticide.   
     
     
         6 . The method of  claim 5 , wherein the solvent is selected from the group consisting of:
 acetone; methanol; ethanol; water; ethyl acetate; ether; chloroform; and mixtures thereof.   
     
     
         7 . The method of  claim 5 , wherein the extracting comprises:
 placing macerated  Prunus maackii  periderm tissue in the solvent and allowing the periderm tissue to extract for a period of time;   concentrating the extract by rotary evaporation to produce crystals; and   drying the crystals by lyophilization.   
     
     
         8 . The method of  claim 7 , wherein the period of time is about three days. 
     
     
         9 . A method of making a biopesticide comprising:
 extracting crude extract from  Prunus maackii;      mixing a non-toxic amount of the crude extract with one or more adjuvants; and   formulating the mixture into a powder, liquid, spray, or briquette.   
     
     
         10 . A biopesticide formulation comprising:
 a non-toxic amount of at least one flavonoid selected from the group consisting of: 3,5,7-trihydroxy-6-methoxyflavone; 3,5,7-trihydroxy-6-methoxyflavanone; and 5,7-dihydroxy-8-methoxyflavanone, wherein the flavonoid is extracted from plant materials; and   one or more adjuvants.   
     
     
         11 . A pesticide composition comprising a mixture of  Prunus maackii  extract and one or more pesticides selected from the group consisting of: a  Eucalyptus  formulation, a  Callistemon  formulation; a  Bacillus thuringiensis - Kurstakii  insecticide or larvicide; a  Beauveria bassiana  insecticide; a  Metarhizium anisoplae  insecticide; a  Verticillium lecanii  insecticides; a  Spodoptera  Nucleopolyhedrovirus insecticide; a  Pseudomonas fluorescens  fungicide; a  Trichoderma viridae  fungicide; a  Paceliomyce -based nematicide; a  Trichoderma harzianum  fungicide; a HaNPV-based insecticide; an amino acid-type herbicide; Carbendazim; Mancozeb; Ridomil; Dithane M-45; Chlorothalanil; Propaconazole; Spinosad; Novaluron; Indoxacarb; Thiomethoxam; Actamiprid; Imidocloprid; Chlorpyriphos; Avermectin; 2;4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid; acephate; acetamiprid; alachlor; allethrin; alphacypermethrin; alphanaphthyl acetic acid; aluminium phosphide; anilophos; atrazine; aureofungin; azadirachtin; azoxystrobin;  bacillus thuringiensis; bacillus thuringiensis ; barium carbonate:  beauveria bassiana ; bendiocarb; benfuracarb; benomyl; bensulfuron; beta cyfluthrin; bifenazate; bifenthrin; bitertanol; bromadiolone; buprofezin; butachlor; captan; carbaryl; carbofuran; carbosulfan; carboxin; carfentazone ethyl; carpropamid; cartap hydrochloride; chlorofenvinphos; chlorfenapyr; chlorimuron ethyl; chlormequat chloride (ccc); chlorothalonil; chlorpyriphos; chlorpyriphos methyl; cinmethylene; clodinafop-propargyl (pyroxofop-propargyl); clomazone chlothianidin; copper hydroxide; copper oxychloride; copper sulfate; coumachlor; coumatetralyl; cuprous oxide; cyfluthrin; cyhalofop-butyl; cymoxanil; cypermethrin; cyphenothrin; dazomet; deltamethrin (decamethrin); diazinon; dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane; a dichloropropene and dichloropropane mixture; diclorvos; diclofop-methyl; dicofol; difenocenazole; difenthiuron: diflubenzuron; dimethoate; dimethomorph; dinocap; dithianon; diuron; dodine; d-trans allethrin; edifenphos; emamectin benzoate; endosulfan; ethephon; ethion; ethofenprox (etofenprox); ethoxysulfuron; an ethylene dibromide and carbon tetrachloride mixture; fenamidone; fenarimol; fenazaquin; fenitrothion; fenobucarb (bpmc) fenoxaprop-p-ethyl; fenpropathrin; fenpyroximate; fenthion; fenvalerate; fipronil; flubendiamide; fluchloralin; flufenacet; flufenoxuron; flufenzine; flusilazole; fluvalinate; forchlorfenuron; fosetyl-al; gibberellic acid; glufosinate ammonium; glyphosate; hexaconazole; hexazinone; hexythiazox; hydrogen cyanamid: imazethapyr; imidacloprid; imiprothrin; indoxacarb; iprobenfos (kitazin); iprodione; isoprothiolane; isoproturon; kasugamycin: lambdacyhalothrin; lime sulphur; lindane; linuron; lufenuro/n; magnesium phosphide plates; malathion; mancozeb; mepiquate chloride; mesosulfuron methyl and iodosulfuron methyl sodium; metalaxyl; metalaxyl-m; metaldehyde; methabenzthiazuron; methomyl; methoxy ethyl mercury chloride; methyl bromide; methyl chlorophenoxy acetic acid; methyl parathion; metiram; metolachlor; metribuzin; metsulfuron methyl; milbemectin; monocrotophos; myclobutanil; novaluron; nuclear polyhyderosis virus of  helicoverpa armigera ; nuclear polyhyderosis virus of  spodoptera litura ; oxadiargyl; oxadiazon; oxycarboxin; oxydemeton-methyl; oxyfluorfen; paclobutrazole; paraquat dichloride; penconazole; pencycuron; pendimethalin; permethrin; phenthoate; phorate; phosalone; phosphamidon; prallethrin; pretilachlor; primiphos-methyl; profenophos; propanil; propergite; propetamphos; propiconazole; propineb; propoxur; pyrachlostrobin; pyrethrins (pyrethrum); pyridalyl; pyriproxyfen; pyrithiobac sodium; quinalphos; quizalofop ethyl; quizalofop-p-tefuryl; s-bioallethrin; sirmate; sodium cyanide; spinosad; streptomycin and tetracycline; sulfosulfuron; sulphur; tebuconazole; temephos; thiacloprid; thifluzamide; thiobencarb (benthiocarb); thiodicarb; thiomethoxain; thiometon; thiophanate-methyl; thiram; transfluthrin; triacontanol; triadimefon; triallate; triazophos; trichlorofon;  trichoderma viride ; tricyclazole; tridemorph; trifluralin; validamycin;  verticillium lecanii ; zinc phosphide; zineb; and ziram. 
     
     
         12 . The composition of  claim 11 , wherein the composition is a fungicide and the one or more pesticides are selected from the group consisting of: a  Pseudomonas fluorescens  fungicide; a  Trichoderma  viridae fungicide; a  Trichoderma harzianum  fungicide; Carbendazim; Mancozeb; Ridomil; Dithane M-45; Chlorothalanil; and Propaconazole. 
     
     
         13 . A method of treating a plant for a pathogenic disease, the method comprising applying an effective amount of  Prunus maackii  extract to a plant in need thereof, and treating the plant for a pathogenic disease, wherein the disease is selected from the group consisting of: early blight;  Fusarium  dry rot;  phytophthora  blight of cucurbits; white mold; Northern leaf spot;  Rhizoctonia  disease; ear rot disease; and  Helminthosporium  corn leaf spot. 
     
     
         14 . The method of  claim 13 , wherein the plant is a cucurbit, corn, tomato, eggplant, or pepper plant. 
     
     
         15 . A method for reducing the risk of soil-borne diseases comprising:
 chipping twigs or branches of a  Prunus maackii  tree into a mulch; and   applying the mulch to soil to reduce the risk of soil-borne diseases.   
     
     
         16 . A kit for preparing a biopesticide formulation comprising:
 a first container housing a  Prunus maackii  extract; and   a second container housing one or more adjuvants.   
     
     
         17 . The kit of  claim 16 , further comprising a spray bottle.