Industrial process using a forced-exhaust metal furnace and mechanisms developed for simultaneously producing coal, fuel gas, pyroligneous extract and tar

Abstract

This patent of invention is related to a process and a furnace developed for production of charcoal with recovery of gases, tar and pyroligneous extract. The unity system is composed by a metallic furnace, a loading platform, a carbonization platform and unloading platform. For continuous generation of gases, the process operates with multiple carbonization platforms and one or more furnaces for carbonization platform. The furnace is provided with air inputs in strategic side points and mechanism for relieving pressure. The carbonization system is composed by an exhauster, special pipes for conducting the gases, and devices for the recovery of condensable. The gases generated in the process are directed to a burner, a gasifier or directly in a boiler to generate thermal and/or electrical energy. The technology presents, exclusively, a gravimetric yield in fuel gas superior to 60% and a productivity on charcoal above 800 kg/h, so that each operating cycle of the furnace takes less than 5 hours. The coal is discharged hot, after carbonization and loaded on wooden billets immediately after unloading. The process combines technical, economic, operational, and environmentally viable solutions.

The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or privilege is claimed are defined as follows: 
     
         1 . Industrial process using metallic furnace with forced exhaust and mechanisms developed for concomitant production of coal, fuel gas, pyroligneous extract and tar, characterized by a charcoal production process consisting of loading the biomass from the upper part of the furnace, cover and seal the top cover, with the aid of specific devices for attaching the cover to the furnace, and then moving the furnace for the movable support base, locking the furnace thereon, wherein the process of carbonization is started by ignition and exhaust and the heating of the furnace is conducted so as to obtain in all its volume a temperature above 350° C. and weight close to stipulated coal yield. 
     
     
         2 . Industrial process using metallic furnace with forced exhaust and mechanisms developed for concomitant production of coal, fuel gas, pyroligneous extract and tar, according to  claim 1 , characterized by coal production process in which the gases exhaust maintains close to 6.000 m 3 /h. 
     
     
         3 . Industrial process using metallic furnace with forced exhaust and mechanisms developed for concomitant production of coal, fuel gas, pyroligneous extract and tar, according to  claim 1 , characterized by coal production process where the ignition through the 4 points of ignition with the addition of less than 2 kg of burning carbon 2 kg, allowing a uniform preheating of the furnace due to the strategy position of the ignition points and air inlet points. 
     
     
         4 . Industrial process using metallic furnace with forced exhaust and mechanisms developed for concomitant production of coal, fuel gas, pyroligneous extract and tar, according to  claim 1 , characterized by charcoal production process where the control of air and oxygen inlet occurs through the side holes and inner tubes, which in turn allow the partial burning of the gases inside the furnace providing power to the rest of the endothermic phase of the carbonization process being in sequence closed the holes whose area reached process temperature limits. 
     
     
         5 . Industrial process using metallic furnace with forced exhaust and mechanisms developed for concomitant production of coal, fuel gas, pyroligneous extract and tar, according to  claim 1 , characterized by a charcoal production process where after the closure of the carbonization process, the decoupled furnace mobile support base is moved for the unloading base, by a bridge crane where automatic mechanisms connected to the car rod cover open, unclogging the orifice of the lower cone region for unloading burning coal, with temperatures above 300° C., wherein during the burning coal drop, water spray nozzles directed to the descending coal flow promote a superficial cooling of the coal and the coal discharged is accumulated in a container suitable for cooling, which is closed and sealed, from which follows to complete its cooling process without entry of air or oxygen; in order to block or interrupt the carbon fixation reaction. 
     
     
         6 . Industrial process using metallic furnace with forced exhaust and mechanisms developed for concomitant production of coal, fuel gas, pyroligneous extract and tar, according to  claim 1 , characterized in that the charcoal production process unloads the coal immediately after reaching the desired gravimetric yield in a cylindrical container with sealing and relief valves in a minimum time, less than 10 minutes, to minimize contact of coal with atmospheric air. 
     
     
         7 . Industrial process using metallic furnace with forced exhaust and mechanisms developed for concomitant production of coal, fuel gas, pyroligneous extract and tar, according to  claim 1 , characterized in that the charcoal production process loads biomass, immediately after discharging the coal in the cooling cylinder, so as to maintain its thermal sized to minimize heat losses. 
     
     
         8 . Industrial process using metallic furnace with forced exhaust and mechanisms developed for concomitant production of coal, fuel gas, pyroligneous extract and tar, according to  claim 1 , characterized in that the charcoal production process loads wood furnace and/or biomass, as desired granulometry to the finished product, being, preferably, eucalyptus with length above 200 mm, width above 150 mm and a thickness above 100 mm. 
     
     
         9 . Industrial process using metallic furnace with forced exhaust and mechanisms developed for concomitant production of coal, fuel gas, pyroligneous extract and tar, according to  claim 1 , characterized in that the charcoal production process loads wood or biomass by means of a belt or conveyor belt, without caging in a time less than 30 minutes. 
     
     
         10 . Industrial process using metallic furnace with forced exhaust and mechanisms developed for concomitant production of coal, fuel gas, pyroligneous extract and tar, according to  claim 1 , characterized in that the charcoal production process has a carbonization time between 3 and 6 hours, depending on the moisture content of the wood whose utilization factor reaches up to values above 90%, since the furnace is always in the carbonization process, with the exception of breaks for loading and unloading.