Industrial process using a forced-exhaust metal furnace and mechanisms developed for simultaneously producing coal, fuel gas, pyroligneous extract and tar

Abstract

This patent of invention is related to a process and a furnace developed for production of charcoal with recovery of gases, tar and pyroligneous extract. The unity system is composed by a metallic furnace, a loading platform, a carbonization platform and unloading platform. For continuous generation of gases, the process operates with multiple carbonization platforms and one or more furnaces for carbonization platform. The furnace is provided with air inputs in strategic side points and mechanism for relieving pressure. The carbonization system is composed by an exhauster, special pipes for conducting the gases, and devices for the recovery of condensable. The gases generated in the process are directed to a burner, a gasifier or directly in a boiler to generate thermal and/or electrical energy. The technology presents, exclusively, a gravimetric yield in fuel gas superior to 60% and a productivity on charcoal above 800 kg/h, so that each operating cycle of the furnace takes less than 5 hours. The coal is discharged hot, after carbonization and loaded on wooden billets immediately after unloading. The process combines technical, economic, operational, and environmentally viable solutions.

The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or privilege is claimed are defined as follows: 
     
         1 . Industrial process using metallic furnace with forced exhaust and mechanisms developed for concomitant production of coal, fuel gas, pyroligneous extract and tar, characterized by having a carbonization system comprising a movable support base, which comprises a metal ring guides for furnace positioning, truncated cone and weighing system and mechanisms for locking the furnace on the ring; condensable recovery equipment, which comprises an expansion box with independent outlets for the gases and condensable, filter and storage tank; safety device for pressure relief, which comprises a hinged door and chimney; exhauster and gases and vapors conducting ducts. 
     
     
         2 . Industrial process using metallic furnace with forced exhaust and mechanisms developed for concomitant production of coal, fuel gas, pyroligneous extract and tar, according to  claim 1 , characterized by a movable support base, which comprises a cylindrical ring of diameter equal to the largest diameter of the support structure, with positioning guides made of parallel plates that form a channel through which a guide plate attached to furnace runs, until the furnace completely supports on the movable base. 
     
     
         3 . Industrial process using metallic furnace with forced exhaust and mechanisms developed for concomitant production of coal, fuel gas, pyroligneous extract and tar, according to  claim 1 , characterized by a movable support base provided with a industrial weighing system with loading cells articulated to absorb any lateral shift caused by collision between the furnace and the guides, between the furnace and movable support base. 
     
     
         4 . Industrial process using metallic furnace with forced exhaust and mechanisms developed for concomitant production of coal, fuel gas, pyroligneous extract and tar, according to  claim 1 , characterized by an expansion box of sufficient diameter to reduce the speed to 50% of speed in the gas conducting duct; having two flow outputs with the first located at the base of the box and is provided with a filter that allows the flow only of the condensable to a storage tank and the second outlet located at the side of the expansion box enables output of the gases and vapor and mist still dispersed in the gas flow through the duct, sized not to have flow velocity above 16 m/s. 
     
     
         5 . Industrial process using metallic furnace with forced exhaust and mechanisms developed for concomitant production of coal, fuel gas, pyroligneous extract and tar, according to  claim 1 , characterized by a connection between movable support base and the expansion box carried out by two concentric tubes wherein the smaller diameter tube is physically connected to the truncated cone reversed of the movable support base and the largest diameter tube remains connected to the expansion box wrapped by a flexible junction made of glass fiber fabric coated with a plastic film having one end attached by clamps to the inverted truncated cone in the upper position and the other end attached to the larger tube at the bottom. 
     
     
         6 . Industrial process using metallic furnace with forced exhaust and mechanisms developed for concomitant production of coal, fuel gas, pyroligneous extract and tar, according to  claim 1 , characterized by it containing a safety device for pressure relief at the end of the pipe comprised by a flat surface, which is kept closed by using only the own weight of this surface constructed in metal plate called cover which rises in case of pressure in the ducts that lead the gas to the exhauster and chimney for conducting gases released during the pressure relief. 
     
     
         7 . Industrial process using metallic furnace with forced exhaust and mechanisms developed for concomitant production of coal, fuel gas, pyroligneous extract and tar, characterized by a base for unloading comprised by a platform that has a truncated cone with the largest diameter compatible with the diameter of the largest bearing structure (DB) and smaller diameter compatible with the discharge valve. 
     
     
         8 . Industrial process using metallic furnace with forced exhaust and mechanisms developed for concomitant production of coal, fuel gas, pyroligneous extract and tar, according to  claim 7 , characterized by for disposing or relying on a mobile cylindrical container with capacity between 24 and 32 m 3  of charcoal, constructed of metal plate, prepared to receive the burning coal unloaded by the unloading platform, having 3 to 5 water spray nozzles, with flow rate ranging between 5 and 20 L/min, which are positioned to cool the burning coal during unloading and a central nozzle, positioned in the center of the load. 
     
     
         9 . Industrial process using metallic furnace with forced exhaust and mechanisms developed for concomitant production of coal, fuel gas, pyroligneous extract and tar, according to  claim 7 , characterized by for disposing or relying on a cylindrical container, provided with an upper cover, sealed by hydric seal; said container after receiving the coal keeps isolated, without air intake, for cooling, with time of less than 15 hours, to achieve temperatures below 60° C. throughout all volume.