Industrial process using a forced-exhaust metal furnace and mechanisms developed for simultaneously producing coal, fuel gas, pyroligneous extract and tar

Abstract

This patent of invention is related to a process and a furnace developed for production of charcoal with recovery of gases, tar and pyroligneous extract. The unity system is composed by a metallic furnace, a loading platform, a carbonization platform and unloading platform. For continuous generation of gases, the process operates with multiple carbonization platforms and one or more furnaces for carbonization platform. The furnace is provided with air inputs in strategic side points and mechanism for relieving pressure. The carbonization system is composed by an exhauster, special pipes for conducting the gases, and devices for the recovery of condensable. The gases generated in the process are directed to a burner, a gasifier or directly in a boiler to generate thermal and/or electrical energy. The technology presents, exclusively, a gravimetric yield in fuel gas superior to 60% and a productivity on charcoal above 800 kg/h, so that each operating cycle of the furnace takes less than 5 hours. The coal is discharged hot, after carbonization and loaded on wooden billets immediately after unloading. The process combines technical, economic, operational, and environmentally viable solutions.

1 . Industrial process using metallic furnace with forced exhaust and mechanisms developed for concomitant production of coal, fuel gas, pyroligneous extract and tar, characterized by simultaneously operating with other batteries of furnaces, preferably, 6 carbonization platforms, allowing a monthly production of more than 20,000 m 3  of charcoal and more than 10.000 m 3 /h of fuel gas with calorific value higher than 1500 kJ/m 3 . 
     
     
         2 . Industrial process using metallic furnace with forced exhaust and mechanisms developed for concomitant production of coal, fuel gas, pyroligneous extract and tar, according to  claim 1 , characterized for being part of a chemical plant, with simultaneous production of charcoal, tar, pyroligneous and fuel gas. 
     
     
         3 . Industrial process using metallic furnace with forced exhaust and mechanisms developed for concomitant production of coal, fuel gas, pyroligneous extract and tar, according to  claim 1 , characterized by presenting a potential of electric power generation of up to 1 MWe to each 1000 tons of coal produced per month. 
     
     
         4 . Industrial process using metallic furnace with forced exhaust and mechanisms developed for concomitant production of coal, fuel gas, pyroligneous extract and tar, according to  claim 1 , characterized by presenting a thermal loss less than 5% of the initial energy contained in the wood, with 25% of humidity, a gravimetric yield higher in coal above 33% and a gravimetric yield in fuel gas higher than 60%. 
     
     
         5 . Industrial process using metallic furnace with forced exhaust and mechanisms developed for concomitant production of coal, fuel gas, pyroligneous extract and tar, according to  claim 1 , characterized by presenting a percentage of the available energy, required to maintain and sustain the pyrolysis of 10% of the original energy contained in the wood, with humidity around 25%. 
     
     
         6 . Industrial process using metallic furnace with forced exhaust and mechanisms developed for concomitant production of coal, fuel gas, pyroligneous extract and tar, according to  claim 1 , characterized by allowing automation of the process from the opening of the valves, as continuous monitoring and online of the total weight, volumetric thermal profile and characteristics of the gas flow: composition and flow. 
     
     
         7 . Industrial process using metallic furnace with forced exhaust and mechanisms developed for concomitant production of coal, fuel gas, pyroligneous extract and tar, according to  claim 1 , characterized by allowing direct burning of the fuel gas generated during carbonization, being unnecessary a pre-treatment of gas, in function of the gas does not exhibit harmful components and/or components which may damage the operation of a steam boiler. 
     
     
         8 . Industrial process using metallic furnace with forced exhaust and mechanisms developed for concomitant production of coal, fuel gas, pyroligneous extract and tar, according to  claim 1 , characterized by allowing the simultaneous burning of fuel gas generated in the carbonization with biomass in a boiler, whose steam generated can reach pressures above 40 bar and in this condition turn a turbine to generate electricity. 
     
     
         9 . Industrial process using metallic furnace with forced exhaust and mechanisms developed for concomitant production of coal, fuel gas, pyroligneous extract and tar, according to  claim 1 , characterized by allowing the burning of the fuel gas generated in the carbonization in preferably one or more entries of the boiler, this entry, positioned on the biomass burning rotated-grid in order to minimize the need for secondary air entrance in the boiler. 
     
     
         10 . Industrial process using metallic furnace with forced exhaust and mechanisms developed for concomitant production of coal, fuel gas, pyroligneous extract and tar, according to  claim 1 , characterized by allowing in a unique and innovative way the recovery of the energy contained in the forest in its most noble form: production of sustainable solid fuel and electric power generation, with exclusive burning of biomass and gas from carbonization, avoiding the need for tar and pyroligneous recovery, which are turned into gas during the process.