Composition and method for retention of solvated compounds and ion

Abstract

Storage stable polyhydroxylated aromatic ether adducts of polyalkylene oxide are described. Reactive compositions are formed by combining an ether adduct with an aldehyde, optionally further adding a phenolic-aldehyde prepolymer. The reactive compositions are cured by removing water, by acidification, or both. The cured compositions sorb solvated compounds from environments containing water. The cured compositions are also useful for pre-loading with compounds that are subsequently released at a controlled rate into environments containing water.

We claim: 
     
         1 . A reactive composition comprising
 a. an ether adduct having the structure X—O—Y, wherein X is the residue of a polyhydroxylated aromatic compound free of methylol moieties, O is oxygen, and Y is a group comprising from about 10 to 1000 polyalkylene oxide repeat units;   b. a phenolic aldehyde prepolymer, an aldehyde, or a combination thereof; and   c. a clay, a colloidal silica, an agglomerated silica, a zeolite, a porous carbon, a transition metal compound, or an oxide or hydroxide of calcium, aluminum, or silicon, or a combination of two or more thereof.   
     
     
         2 . A coated composition comprising a substrate and the reactive composition of  claim 1  coated on the surface thereof. 
     
     
         3 . A composite composition formed by curing the coated composition of  claim 2 . 
     
     
         4 . The composite composition of  claim 3  wherein the curing is accomplished by heating the coated composition to a temperature of about 100° C. to 220° C. for about 10-120 minutes. 
     
     
         5 . The composite composition of  claim 3  wherein the curing is accomplished by adding a cure catalyst to the reactive composition, wherein the cure catalyst is selected from oxalic acid, hydrochloric acid, and sulfonic acid. 
     
     
         6 . The composite composition of  claim 1  wherein the transition metal compound comprises an oxide, hydroxide, or an organometallic derivative of manganese, iron, titanium, aluminum calcium, vanadium, chromium, tantalum, tungsten, palladium, platinum, silver, gold, copper, nickel, zinc, cobalt, magnetic rare earth mixtures, or a combination of two or more thereof. 
     
     
         7 . A method of forming a composite composition, the method comprising:
 combining a phenolic aldehyde prepolymer, an aldehyde, or a combination thereof with an ether adduct having the structure X—O—Y to form a reactive composition, wherein X is the residue of a polyhydroxylated aromatic compound free of methylol moieties, O is oxygen, and Y is a group comprising from about 10 to 1000 ethylene oxide and propylene oxide repeat units arranged in a block conformation;   coating the reactive composition on a sand substrate to form a coated composition;   adding to the reactive composition or the coated composition a clay, a colloidal silica, an agglomerated silica, a zeolite, a porous carbon, an oxide or hydroxide of calcium, aluminum, or silicon, or a transition metal compound; and   curing the reactive composition to form a composite composition.   
     
     
         8 . The method of  claim 7  wherein the adding is prior to the coating, or the coating is prior to the adding. 
     
     
         9 . The method of  claim 7  wherein the transition metal compound is an oxide, hydroxide, or organometallic derivative of manganese, iron, titanium, aluminum calcium, vanadium, chromium, tantalum, tungsten, palladium, platinum, silver, gold, copper, nickel, zinc, cobalt, or a combination of two or more thereof. 
     
     
         10 . The method of  claim 7  further comprising combining a cure catalyst with the reactive composition, wherein the cure catalyst is selected from oxalic acid, hydrochloric acid, and sulfonic acid. 
     
     
         11 . The method of  claim 7  wherein the curing comprises heating the coated composition to a temperature of about 100° C. to 220° C. 
     
     
         12 . The method of  claim 7  wherein a clay, a colloidal silica, an agglomerated silica, a zeolite, a porous carbon, or an oxide, hydroxide, or organometallic derivative of manganese, iron, titanium, aluminum, calcium, vanadium, chromium, tantalum, tungsten, palladium, platinum, silver, gold, copper, nickel, zinc, cobalt, silicon, or a combination of two or more thereof is added to the reactive composition or to the coated composition. 
     
     
         13 . A composite composition comprising
 a cured reaction product of a phenolic aldehyde prepolymer, an aldehyde, or a combination thereof with an ether adduct having the structure X—O—Y, wherein X is the residue of a polyhydroxylated aromatic compound free of methylol moieties, O is oxygen, and Y is a group comprising from about 10 to 1000 ethylene oxide and propylene oxide repeat units arranged in a block conformation; and   a clay, a colloidal silica, an agglomerated silica, a zeolite, a porous carbon, a magnetic rare earth mixture, or a transition metal compound.   
     
     
         14 . The composite composition of  claim 13  wherein X is the residue of resorcinol or a resorcinol oligomer with formaldehyde, and Y is the residue of a linear polyethylene oxide having between 50 and 200 ethylene oxide repeat units and a methyl ether endgroup. 
     
     
         15 . The composite composition of  claim 13  wherein the transition metal compound is an oxide, hydroxide, or organometallic derivative of manganese, iron, titanium, aluminum calcium, vanadium, chromium, tantalum, tungsten, palladium, platinum, silver, gold, copper, nickel, zinc, cobalt, or a combination of two or more thereof. 
     
     
         16 . The composite composition of  claim 13  further comprising a fertilizer, a pesticide, an herbicide, a nematicide, two or more thereof, or a combination thereof. 
     
     
         17 . An article comprising the composite composition of  claim 13  disposed on the surface of a substrate, wherein the substrate is selected from one or more films, fibers, particles, adjuvants, fillers, and combinations thereof. 
     
     
         18 . The article of  claim 17  comprising about 0.1 to 25 wt % of the composite composition based on the weight of the substrate. 
     
     
         19 . The article of  claim 17  further comprising one or more ferromagnetic domains. 
     
     
         20 . A method of partitioning ions from an aqueous solution, the method comprising contacting an aqueous solution comprising one or more ions comprising cesium, strontium, technetate, chromate, molybdate, tungstate, or orthovanadate with a reactive composition, wherein the reactive composition comprises an ether adduct having the structure X—O—Y, wherein X is the residue of a polyhydroxylated aromatic compound free of methylol moieties, O is oxygen, and Y is a group comprising from about 10 to 1000 polyalkylene oxide repeat units; and a phenolic aldehyde prepolymer, an aldehyde, or a combination thereof.