Soft-starting control method for electrical converter

Abstract

One direct current to direct current converter disclosed herein can implement three control modes: a predefined control mode in which an outer phase-shift angle is determined based on a predefined process, a current control mode in which the outer phase-shift angle is determined based on a predefined reference current profile and a DC current output, and a voltage-current control mode in which a reference current value is determined using a reference voltage value and a DC voltage output. The soft starting process can start from the predefined control mode and later switch to the current control mode followed by the voltage-current control mode or directly switch to the voltage-current control mode. The soft starting process can also start from the current control mode and later switch to the voltage-current control mode

What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . A controller for soft starting a dual-active-bridge direct current to direct current (DC-DC) converter that comprises a transformer, a first H-bridge connected to a primary winding of the transformer, and a second H-bridge connected to a secondary winding of the transformer, the controller configured to:
 perform a current control mode in which an outer phase-shift angle is determined based on a predefined reference current profile and a DC current output from the second H-bridge, wherein the outer phase-shift angle is a phase shift between a first voltage on the primary winding and a second voltage on the secondary winding;   determine that a first predefined event has occurred; and   in response to determining that the first predefined event has occurred, switch to a voltage-current control mode in which a reference current value is determined using a reference voltage value and a DC voltage output from the second H-bridge, and the outer phase-shift angle is determined using the reference current value and the DC current output from the second H-bridge.   
     
     
         2 . The controller of  claim 1 , wherein the predefined reference current profile is configured to reduce an inrush current during starting of the dual-active-bridge DC-DC converter. 
     
     
         3 . The controller of  claim 1 , wherein the predefined reference current profile includes a linearly or non-linearly increasing reference current value. 
     
     
         4 . The controller of  claim 1 , wherein the first predefined event includes that the DC voltage output from the second H-bridge has reached a predetermined voltage threshold or that a predetermined period of time has elapsed since start of the current control mode. 
     
     
         5 . The controller of  claim 1 , further configured to:
 before the current control mode, perform a predefined control mode in which the outer phase-shift angle is determined based on a predefined process;   determine that a second predefined event has occurred; and   in response to determining that the second predefined event has occurred, switch to the current control mode;   wherein the second predefined event includes that a first duty cycle for the first voltage has reached a predetermined duty cycle value or that the DC current output from the second H-bridge has reached a predetermined current threshold.   
     
     
         6 . The controller of  claim 1 , further configured to:
 before the current control mode, perform a predefined control mode in which the outer phase-shift angle is determined based on a predefined process;   determine that a second predefined event has occurred; and   in response to determining that the second predefined event has occurred, switch to the current control mode;   wherein the predefined process is configured to achieve synchronous rectification using the outer phase-shift angle in the predefined control mode.   
     
     
         7 . The controller of  claim 1 , further configured to:
 before the current control mode, perform a predefined control mode in which the outer phase-shift angle is determined based on a predefined process;   determine that a second predefined event has occurred; and   in response to determining that the second predefined event has occurred, switch to the current control mode;   wherein the predefined process is configured to increase start-up speed using the outer phase-shift angle in the predefined control mode.   
     
     
         8 . The controller of  claim 1 , further configured to:
 before the current control mode, perform a predefined control mode in which the outer phase-shift angle is determined based on a predefined process;   determine that a second predefined event has occurred; and   in response to determining that the second predefined event has occurred, switch to the current control mode;   wherein the predefined process is configured to limit a peak current flowing through the transformer not to exceed a predetermined peak threshold using the outer phase-shift angle in the predefined control mode.   
     
     
         9 . A controller for soft starting a dual-active bridge direct current to direct current (DC-DC) converter that comprises a transformer, a first H-bridge connected to a primary winding of the transformer, and a second H-bridge connected to a secondary winding of the transformer, the controller configured to:
 perform a predefined control mode in which the outer phase-shift angle is determined based on a predefined process;   determine that a predefined event has occurred; and   in response to determining that the predefined event has occurred, switch to a voltage-current control mode in which a reference current value is determined using a reference voltage value and a DC voltage output from the second H-bridge, and an outer phase-shift angle is determined using the reference current value and a DC current output from the second H-bridge, wherein the outer phase-shift angle is a phase shift between a first voltage on the primary winding and a second voltage on the secondary winding.   
     
     
         10 . The controller of  claim 9 , wherein the predefined event includes that the DC voltage output from the second H-bridge has reached a predetermined voltage threshold or that a predetermined period of time has elapsed since start of the predefined control mode. 
     
     
         11 . A method for soft-starting a dual-active bridge direct current to direct current (DC-DC) converter that comprises a transformer, a first H-bridge connected to a primary winding of the transformer, and a second H-bridge connected to a secondary winding of the transformer, the method comprising:
 performing a current control mode in which an outer phase-shift angle is determined based on a predefined reference current profile and a DC current output from the second H-bridge, wherein the outer phase-shift angle is a phase shift between a first voltage on the primary winding and a second voltage on the secondary winding;   determining that a first predefined event has occurred; and   in response to determining that the first predefined event has occurred, switching to a voltage-current control mode in which a reference current value is determined using a reference voltage value and a DC voltage output from the second H-bridge, and the outer phase-shift angle is determined using the reference current value and the DC current output from the second H-bridge.   
     
     
         12 . The method of  claim 11 , wherein the predefined reference current profile includes a linearly or non-linearly increasing reference current value. 
     
     
         13 . The method of  claim 11 , wherein the first predefined event includes that the DC voltage output from the second H-bridge has reached a predetermined voltage threshold or that a predetermined period of time has elapsed since start of the current control mode. 
     
     
         14 . The method of  claim 11 , further comprising:
 before the current control mode, performing a predefined control mode in which the outer phase-shift angle is determined based on a predefined process;   determining that a second predefined event has occurred; and   in response to determining that the second predefined event has occurred, switching to the current control mode;   wherein the second predefined event includes that a first duty cycle for the first voltage has reached a predetermined duty cycle value or that the DC current output from the second H-bridge has reached a predetermined current threshold.   
     
     
         15 . The method of  claim 11 , further comprising:
 before the current control mode, performing a predefined control mode in which the outer phase-shift angle is determined based on a predefined process;   determining that a second predefined event has occurred; and   in response to determining that the second predefined event has occurred, switching to the current control mode;   wherein the predefined process is configured to achieve synchronous rectification using the outer phase-shift angle in the predefined control mode.   
     
     
         16 . The method of  claim 11 , further comprising:
 before the current control mode, performing a predefined control mode in which the outer phase-shift angle is determined based on a predefined process;   determining that a second predefined event has occurred; and   in response to determining that the second predefined event has occurred, switching to the current control mode;   wherein the predefined process is configured to increase power transmission using the outer phase-shift angle in the predefined control mode or to limit a peak of a circulating current flowing through the transformer not to exceed a predetermined peak threshold using the outer phase-shift angle in the predefined control mode.   
     
     
         17 . A method for soft-starting a dual-active bridge direct current to direct current (DC-DC) converter that comprises a transformer, a first H-bridge connected to a primary winding of the transformer, and a second H-bridge connected to a secondary winding of the transformer, the method comprising:
 performing a predefined control mode in which the outer phase-shift angle is determined based on a predefined process;   determining that a predefined event has occurred; and   in response to determining that the first predefined event has occurred, switching to a voltage-current control mode in which a reference current value is determined using a reference voltage value and a DC voltage output from the second H-bridge, and the outer phase-shift angle is determined using the reference current value and the DC current output from the second H-bridge, wherein the outer phase-shift angle is a phase shift between a first voltage on the primary winding and a second voltage on the secondary winding.   
     
     
         18 . The method of  claim 17 , wherein the first predefined event includes that the DC voltage output from the second H-bridge has reached a predetermined voltage threshold or that a predetermined period of time has elapsed since start of the predefined control mode. 
     
     
         19 . A method for soft-starting a dual-active bridge direct current to direct current (DC-DC) converter that comprises a transformer, a first H-bridge connected to a primary winding of the transformer, and a second H-bridge connected to a secondary winding of the transformer, the method comprising:
 performing a predefined control mode in which an outer phase-shift angle is determined based on a predefined process, wherein the outer phase-shift angle is a phase shift between a first voltage on the primary winding and a second voltage on the secondary winding;   determining that a first predefined event has occurred;   in response to determining that the first predefined event has occurred, switching to a current control mode in which the outer phase-shift angle is determined based on a predefined reference current profile and a DC current output from the second H-bridge;   determining that a second predefined event has occurred; and   in response to determining that the second predefined event has occurred, switching to a voltage-current control mode in which a reference current value is determined using a reference voltage value and a DC voltage output from the second H-bridge, and the outer phase-shift angle is determined using the reference current value and the DC current output from the second H-bridge.   
     
     
         20 . The method of  claim 19 , wherein the first predefined event includes that a first duty cycle for the first voltage has reached a predetermined duty cycle value or that the DC current output from the second H-bridge has reached a predetermined current threshold, and wherein the second predefined event includes that the DC voltage output from the second H-bridge has reached a predetermined voltage threshold or that a predetermined period of time has elapsed since start of the current control mode.