Ultraviolet and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Methods for the Evaluation of Sunscreen Efficacy

Abstract

Disclosed are compositions which can mimic DNA and/or RNA in cells of a subject and methods of using them as a substrate in testing efficacy of one or more compositions in reducing and/or preventing radiation, such as ultraviolet (UV) radiation-caused DNA and/or RNA damage of said subject. Also disclosed are systems related to the disclosed methods.

1 - 70 . (canceled) 
     
     
         71 . A method comprising the steps of:
 (a) providing an ultraviolet (UV) radiation source;   (b) providing one or more radiation diagnostic composition;   (c) exposing the radiation diagnostic composition to UV radiation from the UV radiation source, the UV radiation passing through a protection composition positioned between the radiation diagnostic composition and the UV radiation source to form a UV-irradiated composition; and   (d) determining an absorbance of the UV-irradiated composition.   
     
     
         72 . The method of  claim 71 , wherein:
 determining the absorbance comprises determining the absorbance using a UV spectrophotometer; and/or   the absorbance comprises an absorbance of light having at wavelength of 250, 260, 290, 326 nm or a combination of the same.   
     
     
         73 . The method of  claim 71 , further comprising separating components of the radiation diagnostic composition using high-performance liquid chromatography. 
     
     
         74 . The method of  claim 71 , wherein the protection composition is a sunscreen formulation, cosmetic formulation, or a combination thereof. 
     
     
         75 . The method of  claim 74 , wherein the protection composition is a sunscreen formulation. 
     
     
         76 . The method of  claim 75 , wherein the sunscreen formulation has a sun protection factor (SPF) of from about 10 to about 100. 
     
     
         77 . The method of  claim 71 , wherein the protection composition is applied directly on a surface in thickness from about 0.1 mm to about 0.2 mm. 
     
     
         78 . The method of  claim 71 , wherein the radiation diagnostic composition comprises one or more single nucleoside(s) and/or single nucleotide(s) in deoxy- and/or ribo- series and/or deoxy-ribo hybrids where the heterocyclic amine base is A, G, C, U or T, one or more dinucleotide in deoxy- and/or ribo- series and/or deoxy-ribo hybrids where the heterocyclic amine base of each of the nucleotide of the dinucleotide is independently selected from a group consisting of A, G, C, U and T, one or more oligonucleotides in deoxy- and/or ribo- series and/or deoxy-ribo hybrids where the number of the nucleotides (nt) forming the oligonucleotide is from 3 to 100 and where the heterocyclic amine base of each of the nucleotide of the oligonucleotide is independently selected from a group consisting of A, G, C, U and T, an artificial skin culture, or a combination of the same. 
     
     
         79 . The method of  claim 71 , wherein the radiation diagnostic composition comprises one or more dinucleotides in a deoxy- and/or ribo- series and/or deoxy- ribo hybrids. 
     
     
         80 . The method of  claim 79 , wherein the dinucleotide comprises thymidine-thymidine (TT), thymidine-cytidine (TC), thymidine-guanosine (TG), thymidine- adenosine (TA), thymidine-uridine (TU), uridine- uridine (UU], uridine-thymidine (UT), cytidine-cytidine (CC), cytidine-adenosine (CA), guanosine- guanosine (GG), guanosine- adenosine (GA), adenosine-adenosine (AA), or adenosine-cytidine (AC) dinucleotide. 
     
     
         81 . The method of  claim 71 , wherein the radiation diagnostic composition comprises a solvent. 
     
     
         82 . The method of  claim 71 , wherein the radiation diagnostic composition has a concentration in a range from about 0.000001 mmol/L to about 10 mmol/L. 
     
     
         83 . The method of  claim 71 , wherein the radiation diagnostic composition is exposed to UV radiation from about 1 minute to about 48 hours. 
     
     
         84 . The method of  claim 71 , further comprising determining the efficacy of the protection composition by comparing the results obtained from step (d) with one or more control samples where said radiation diagnostic composition is exposed to said UV radiation which has not passed through said one or more protection compositions. 
     
     
         85 . The method of  claim 84 , wherein determining the efficacy of the protection composition comprises determining an amount of a UV-damaged analyte present in the UV-irradiated composition and/or determining an amount of a preserved analyte in the UV-irradiated composition. 
     
     
         86 . The method of  claim 85 , wherein the damaged analyte comprises a DNA lesion. 
     
     
         87 . The method of  claim 86 , wherein the DNA lesion comprises cis-syn, trans-syn, TT pyrimidine (6-4) pyrimidone, Dewar pyrimidine-pyrimidine photolesion, or a mixture thereof. 
     
     
         88 . The method of  claim 85 , wherein the preserved analyte comprises a TT dinucleotide. 
     
     
         89 . The method of  claim 84 , comprising determining the efficacy a plurality of protection compositions simultaneously or sequentially. 
     
     
         90 . The method of  claim 89 , wherein the plurality of protection compositions comprises from about 5 to about 100,000 sunscreens.