Ventilation system for building and vehicle interiors

Abstract

The invention can be used for creating an effective ventilation system for building and vehicle interiors in conditions of poor outdoor air quality because of polluted environment and in other cases when it is hard to provide sufficient fresh air supply. The first variant of the claimed system implies that the means of air exhaust from interiors are configured to exhaust predominantly the portions of air exhaled by people or animals indoors. The essence of the second variant of the claimed system is that the exhaust air intakes are placed in the zones of spread or exhaust of the exhaled air stream polluted by respiration products.

1 . A ventilation system with exhaust of exhaled air comprising a sensing element connected to a control input of the controls of the means of air exhaust or air cleaning, or the means of air exhaust and air cleaning for interiors and characterized in that the sensing element is configured to detect the presence or position of people and animals at predetermined area of interior and the means of air exhaust and/or air cleaning and/or the respective controls of the means of air exhaust or air cleaning are configured with ability to adapt to respiratory rate of people or animals being indoors and/or to a delay of spread of the exhaled portion of air and to extracting and/or cleaning mainly the portions of air with maximum content of carbon dioxide CO 2  out of exhalations of the people and animals being indoors. 
     
     
         2 . The system according to  claim 1 , characterized in that it comprises additionally the means of air supply to the interior and their controls. 
     
     
         3 . The system according to  claim 2 , characterized in that the means of air supply to the interior are configured with ability to adapt to respiratory rate of people or animals being indoors and/or to a delay of spread of the exhaled and inhaled portion of air. 
     
     
         4 . The system according to  claim 2 , characterized in that the means of air supply to the interior are performed as forming elements for subsequent exhaust of an exhaled air stream. 
     
     
         5 . The system according to  claim 2 , characterized in that the means of air supply to the interior are configured to replace only a portion of air extracted from the interior by the means of air exhaust. 
     
     
         6 . The system according to  claim 2 , characterized in that the means of air supply to the interior comprise an input analyzer of ambient air composition which is connected to the controls of the means of air supply to the interior. 
     
     
         7 . The system according to  claim 2 , characterized in that the air inlets of the means of air supply to the interior are located with a possibility to take the air from the low pollution area. 
     
     
         8 . The system according to  claim 1 , characterized in that the sensing element is formed by a group of gas sensors or sensors of partial pressure of gases and vapors indoors. 
     
     
         9 . The system according to  claim 1 , characterized in that the sensing element is formed by a group of sensors of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and/or oxygen (O 2 ) and/or humidity and/or pressure and/or infrared radiation and/or temperature and/or sound and ultrasonic waves and/or by a video camera or a group of video cameras and/or the motion sensors. 
     
     
         10 . The system according to  claim 8 , characterized in that the sensors of the group are provided with an output filter tuned to the respiratory rate bandwidth. 
     
     
         11 . The system according to  claim 1 , characterized in that the means of air exhaust from the interior comprise the forming elements for the subsequent exhaust of portions of air exhaled by people or animals being indoors. 
     
     
         12 . The system according to  claim 1 , characterized in that the controls of the means of air exhaust from the interior and/or the controls of the means of air supply to the interior and/or the means to adapt to the respiration rhythm of people and animals and/or to the delay of spread of exhaled and inhaled portions of air and/or the controls of the forming elements and of subsequent exhaust of the exhaled air stream and/or the means of choosing and analyzing information from the group of sensors and/or the means of filtering the output information from the group of sensors and/or the means to process the information from the analyzer of the ambient air composition may be combined into a controller or may be a part of the controller that controls the operation of the ventilation system. 
     
     
         13 . The system according to  claim 12 , characterized in that the sensing element and the controller are configured to detect the absence of people or animals indoors and the controller is configured to give a command to the means of air exhaust or air cleaning and/or to the means of air supply for step increasing of ventilation intensity for this period 
     
     
         14 . The system according to  claim 12 , characterized in that the controller may be configured to detect the presence of people or animals based on a signal of increasing carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) indoors from the appropriate sensor regardless of a content, presence or absence of information from the other sensors and information sources and to detect the absence of people and animals indoors on a signal of decreasing carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) indoors from the appropriate sensor regardless of a content, presence or absence of information from the other sensors and information sources. 
     
     
         15 . The system according to  claim 1 , characterized in that it is additionally provided with the means to register and analyze a sound background and is configured with active and/or passive cancelation of noise from the means of air exhaust from the interior and/or the means of air supply to the interior using the information on registered sound pattern. 
     
     
         16 . The system according to  claim 1 , characterized in that the means of air exhaust are located based on the usual location of people and animals indoors, their movement and direction of their respiration. 
     
     
         17 . The system according to  claim 2 , characterized in that the means of air supply are located based on the usual location and/or movement of people and animals indoors and under conditions of not overlaying the streams of the exhaust air. 
     
     
         18 . The system according to  claim 1 , characterized in that the means of air exhaust and/or the means of air supply are performed fully or partially as elements of sports training apparatus and/or of furniture indoors. 
     
     
         19 . The system according to  claim 17 , characterized in that the means of air exhaust and/or the means of air supply are performed partially or completely as elements of sports exercise equipment and/or of furniture indoors. 
     
     
         20 . The system according to  claim 1 , characterized in that the air ducts of the means of air exhaust and air supply to the interior are provided with air recuperation means. 
     
     
         21 . The system according to  claim 1 , characterized in that the means of air exhaust from the interior and/or the means of air supply to the interior are performed fully or partially as elements of a window unit. 
     
     
         22 . The system according to  claim 20 , characterized in that the means of air exhaust from the interior and/or the means of air supply to interior are performed fully or partially as elements of a window unit. 
     
     
         23 - 31 . (canceled)