One-component toughened epoxy adhesives with improved adhesion to oily surfaces and high wash-off resistance

Abstract

Epoxy adhesives include a latent curing agent, a reactive toughener having capped isocyanate groups, and certain urea compounds. The toughener is made by chain extending and capping a mixture of isocyanate-terminated prepolymers. The prepolymers include an isocyanate-terminated polyether and an isocyanate-terminated diene polymer. The adhesives have excellent wash-off resistance and excellent ability to adhere to oily substrates.

1 . A one-component epoxy adhesive comprising in admixture:
 A) at least 25 weight percent, based on the weight of the adhesive, of one or more non-rubber-modified epoxy resins;   B) 5 to 45 weight percent, based on the weight of the composition, of a reactive elastomeric toughener having capped isocyanate groups, which reactive elastomeric toughener includes a chain-extended and then isocyanate-capped mixture of i) a 1000 to 10,000 number average molecular weight isocyanate-terminated polyether and ii) a 1000 to 10,000 number average molecular weight isocyanate-terminated diene polymer;   C) one or more latent epoxy curing agents in an amount sufficient to cure the adhesive; and   D) 0.1 to 5 weight percent, based on the weight of the adhesive, of at least one urea compound having one or more urea groups and a molecular weight per urea group of up to 250,   the adhesive being devoid of an aminophenol curing accelerator.   
     
     
         2 . The one-component epoxy adhesive of  claim 1  wherein the urea compound is polyurea corresponding to a reaction product of an aromatic polyisocyanate with a dialkyl amine. 
     
     
         3 . The one-component epoxy adhesive of  claim 2  wherein the urea compound corresponds to a reaction product of an aliphatic polyisocyanate with a dialkyl amine. 
     
     
         4 . The one-component epoxy adhesive of  claim 3  wherein the urea compound is isophorone bis(dimethyl urea). 
     
     
         5 . The one-component epoxy adhesive of  claim 2  wherein the urea compound is one or more of 2,4′- and/or 4,4′-methylene bis(phenyl dimethyl urea) and 2,4- and/or 2,6-toluene bis(dimethyl urea). 
     
     
         6 . The one-component epoxy adhesive of  claim 1  wherein the latent epoxy curing agent includes dicyanamide. 
     
     
         7 . The one-component epoxy adhesive of  claim 1  wherein the toughener is made in a process that includes the steps of chain-extending the mixture of the isocyanate-terminated polyether and the isocyanate-terminated diene polymer and then capping the remaining isocyanate groups of the chain-extended material. 
     
     
         8 . The one-component epoxy adhesive of  claim 1  wherein the isocyanate groups of the isocyanate-terminated polyether and the isocyanate-terminated diene polymer are aliphatic isocyanate groups. 
     
     
         9 . The one-component epoxy adhesive of  claim 1  wherein the capped isocyanate groups of the toughener are capped with a monophenol or an aminophenol. 
     
     
         10 . A method comprising forming a layer of the adhesive of  claim 1  at a bondline between two substrates to form an assembly, and then curing adhesive layer at the bondline to form an adhesive bond between the two substrates. 
     
     
         11 . A method for adhering a first oily substrate to a second substrate, comprising
 1) forming a layer of the adhesive of any of  claims 1  through  9  at a bondline between the first oily substrate and the second substrate to form an assembly that includes the first and second substrates each in contact with the adhesive composition at the bondline; then   2) degreasing the assembly to remove oil from the first oily substrate; and then   3) heating the degreased assembly to an elevated temperature to cure the adhesive.   
     
     
         12 . The method of  claim 11  which further comprises the steps of:
 1-A): after step 1) and before step 2), fastening the assembly using mechanical means, by spot-curing one or more portions of the adhesive composition, or both, to maintain the substrates and adhesive in a fixed position relative to each other, wherein at least a portion of the adhesive remains uncured; and 
 2-A): after step 2) and before step 3), contacting the fastened assembly with a heat-curable coating to form a coated and fastened assembly. 
 
     
     
         13 . The method of  claim 12  wherein the heat-curable coating is cured in step 3). 
     
     
         14 . The method of  claim 12 , wherein the degreasing step 2) is performed at a temperature of at least 50° C. 
     
     
         15 . A reactive elastomeric toughener having capped isocyanate groups, which reactive elastomeric toughener includes a chain-extended and then isocyanate-capped mixture of i) a 1000 to 10,000 number average molecular weight isocyanate-terminated polyether and ii) a second isocyanate-terminated prepolymer which is a reaction product of an organic polyisocyanate with a 1000 to 10,000 number average molecular weight isocyanate-terminated polymer or copolymer of butadiene. 
     
     
         16 . An epoxy adhesive containing at least one epoxy resin and the reactive toughener of  claim 15 . 
     
     
         17 . A method comprising forming a layer of the adhesive of  claim 16  at a bondline between two substrates to form an assembly, and then curing adhesive layer at the bondline to form an adhesive bond between the two substrates.