Adsorbent materials, apparatus, and methods for removal of hydrogen sulfide from gases

Abstract

An adsorbent composition, adsorbent apparatus, and gas purification process using the absorbent composition are provided for the removal of hydrogen sulfide from a gas containing at least hydrogen sulfide as an impurity. The adsorbent composition includes a combination of at least one carbon material, at least one clay material, and at least one metal oxide. In particular, the combination of carbon material(s), clay material(s) and metal oxide(s) provide for effective removal of hydrogen sulfide from a gas at a reduced cost.

1 . An odor reducing composition comprising:
 an absorbent composition configured to remove hydrogen sulfide from a contaminated gas containing at least hydrogen sulfide as a contaminant, further comprising:
 at least one carbon material; 
 at least one clay material comprising pores configured to accommodate passage therethrough of the contaminated gas; and 
 at least one metal oxide. 
   
     
     
         2 . The adsorbent composition of  claim 1 , comprising at least one base material with at least one supported material disposed thereon. 
     
     
         3 . The adsorbent composition of  claim 2 , wherein the at least one base material comprises at least one carbon material and at least one clay material, and the at least one supported material comprise at least one metal oxide. 
     
     
         4 . The adsorbent composition of  claim 3 , comprising a first base material formed of at least one carbon material with at least one metal oxide supported material, and a second base material formed of at least one clay material with at least one metal oxide supported material. 
     
     
         5 . The adsorbent composition of  claim 1 , wherein the at least one metal oxide coats at least a surface of the at least one carbon material and the at least one clay material, is impregnated or embedded in the at least one carbon material and the at least one clay material, is physically or chemically bonded or adhered to at least one surface of the at least one carbon material and the at least one clay material, is dispersed within the at least one carbon material and the at least one clay material, or a combination thereof. 
     
     
         6 . The adsorbent composition of  claim 1 , comprising a carbon base material combined with at least one first metal oxide, and a clay base material combined with at least one second metal oxide. 
     
     
         7 . The adsorbent composition of  claim 1 , wherein the carbon materials are selected from the group consisting of carbon black, graphite and activated carbon. 
     
     
         8 . The adsorbent composition of  claim 1 , comprising about 60 wt % to about 80 wt % of the at least one carbon material and the at least one clay material, and about 20 wt % to about 40 wt % of the at least one metal oxide, based on total weight of the adsorbent composition. 
     
     
         9 . The adsorbent composition of  claim 1 , in the shape of granules, powders, particles, pellets, cylinders, trochiodal shapes, flakes, beads, rings, irregular shapes, extruded structures, matrices, honeycomb structures, meshes, helixes and combinations thereof. 
     
     
         10 . The adsorbent composition of  claim 9 , wherein the shape of granules is a solid form, and/or an at least partially hollow form. 
     
     
         11 . An apparatus for removal of hydrogen sulfide from a gas containing at least hydrogen sulfide as a contaminant, the apparatus comprising:
 a reactive chamber having an interior volume, an inlet and outlet, and a gas flow path within the interior volume extending between the inlet and outlet; and   an adsorbent composition according to  claim 1  dispersed within the interior volume in the gas flow path.   
     
     
         12 . The apparatus of  claim 11 , wherein the reactive chamber is in the form of a packed column, plate column, spray chamber, spray tower, or cyclonic spray chamber. 
     
     
         13 . A method for removal of hydrogen sulfide from a gas containing at least hydrogen sulfide as an impurity, the method comprising:
 providing an adsorbent composition according to  claim 1 ;   contacting the gas with the adsorbent composition; and   allowing the adsorbent composition to remove at least a portion of hydrogen sulfide from the gas via adsorption.   
     
     
         14 . The method of  claim 13 , wherein the step of contacting the gas with the adsorbent composition comprises passing the gas through a reaction chamber containing the adsorbent composition therein. 
     
     
         15 . The method of  claim 14 , wherein the reaction chamber is in the form of a packed column, plate column, spray chamber, spray tower, or cyclonic spray chamber.