Customized patient-specific orthopaedic instruments for component placement in a total hip arthroplasty

Abstract

A system for use in conjunction with a hip prosthesis is shown. A customized patient-specific acetabular orthopaedic surgical instrument and a customized patient-specific femoral orthopaedic surgical instrument are disclosed. A method for fabricating and using the orthopaedic surgical instruments is also disclosed. A method for using the customized patient-specific acetabular orthopaedic surgical instrument is disclosed. A method for using the customized patient-specific femoral orthopaedic surgical instrument is disclosed.

1 . A method of using a system for facilitating implantation of a hip prosthesis, the method comprising:
 positioning a collar of a customized patient-specific femoral surgical instrument on a patient's femur bone such that (i) a negative contour defined in a bone-facing surface of the collar receives a corresponding positive contour of the patient's femur, and (ii) a top surface of the collar defines a resection plane for resecting the patient's femur,   advancing a resection tool along the resection plane surface of the collar to remove one or more portions of the patient's femur,   positioning a femoral stem component in the femur bone, and   aligning the femoral stem component with an alignment guide coupled to the collar to position the femoral stem component in a predetermined position.   
     
     
         2 . The method of  claim 1 , further comprising
 positioning a customized patient-specific acetabular surgical instrument on a patient's coxal bone such that a negative contour defined in the customized patient-specific acetabular surgical instrument receives a corresponding positive contour of the patient's coxal bone,   positioning an acetabular cup component in the patient's coxal bone, and   aligning the acetabular cup component with an alignment guide coupled to the body to position the acetabular cup component in predetermined position.   
     
     
         3 . The method of  claim 2 , further comprising determining the position of the customized patient-specific acetabular surgical instrument on the patient's coxal bone using one or more sensors located in the customized patient-specific acetabular surgical instrument. 
     
     
         4 . The method of  claim 2 , further comprising:
 forming an assembled hip joint prosthesis by positioning a femoral head on the femoral stem component and inserting the femoral head into a cavity of the acetabular cup component, and   determining the position of the patient's coxal bone relative to the patient's femur when the assembled hip joint prosthesis is implanted in the patient using one or more sensors positioned in the customized patient-specific acetabular surgical instrument and one or more sensors positioned in the customized patient-specific femoral surgical instrument.   
     
     
         5 . The method of  claim 4 , further comprising:
 attaching a reaming guide housing and a reamer to the customized patient-specific acetabular surgical instrument, the reamer including one or more sensors positioned thereon,   reaming an acetabular of the patient to a predetermined depth, and   determining how much bone has been removed from the acetabulum by comparing the data received from the sensors of the reamer to the data received from the sensors of the customized patient-specific acetabular surgical instrument.   
     
     
         6 . The method of  claim 1 , further comprising determining the position of the customized patient-specific femoral surgical instrument on the patient's femur using one or more sensors located in the collar. 
     
     
         7 . The method of  claim 1 , further comprising positioning the alignment guide on the collar of the customized patient-specific femoral surgical instrument after the patient's femur has been resected by the resection tool. 
     
     
         8 . The method of  claim 1 , further comprising broaching an intramedullary canal of the patient's femur using a reaming tool. 
     
     
         9 . A system for facilitating implantation of a hip prosthesis, the system comprising:
 a femoral stem component defining a trunnion axis extending along a trunnion and a neck of the femoral stem component, and   a customized patient-specific femoral surgical instrument including:
 a collar sized to fit around a neck of the patient's femur, the collar having: (i) a bone-facing surface having a customized patient-specific negative contour configured to receive a corresponding positive counter of the patient's femur, and (ii) top surface defining a resection plane surface configured to guide a surgical instrument as the patient's femur is resected, and 
 an alignment guide coupled to the collar, the alignment guide defining a femoral alignment axis positioned to indicate a predetermined angle of the femoral stem component. 
   
     
     
         10 . The system of  claim 9 , wherein the collar comprises a first collar segment and a second collar segment connected by a hinge, the hinge defining a hinge axis, and wherein the first collar segment and the second collar segment are configured to rotate about the hinge axis to allow the customized patient-specific femoral surgical instrument to advance onto the patient's femur. 
     
     
         11 . The system  claim 9 , wherein the alignment axis of the alignment guide indicates a predetermined offset of the femoral stem component from the patient's femur and indicates a predetermined angle of the femoral stem component relative to the patient's femur. 
     
     
         12 . The system of  claim 9 , wherein the customized patient-specific femoral surgical instrument includes one or more sensors positioned in the collar and configured to determine a position of the customized patient-specific femoral surgical instrument relative to the patient's femur, where the one or more sensors are positioned in the customized patient-specific femoral surgical instrument based on a predetermined sensor position.