Electrophotographic member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus

Abstract

Provided is an electrophotographic member that has a high excessive charging-suppressing effect under a low-temperature and low-humidity environment, and has high charge-providing performance under a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus each including the electrophotographic member. The electrophotographic member is an electrophotographic member including an electro-conductive substrate and an electro-conductive resin layer, the electro-conductive resin layer contains a cation and at least one anion selected from the group consisting of anions represented by the following formulae (1) to (5): where X represents an arbitrary halogen atom, n in the structural formula (4) represents an integer of from 2 to 6, and n in the structural formula (5) represents an integer of 2 or 3.

1 - 5 . (canceled) 
     
     
         6 . An electrophotographic member, comprising:
 an electro-conductive substrate; and   an electro-conductive resin layer, the electro-conductive resin layer containing an ion conducting agent consisting of a cation and an anion,   the cation being a binder resin of the electro-conductive resin layer, wherein a cationic group is bound to the binder resin, and   the anion being at least one anion selected from the group consisting of formulae (1), (3) and (4):   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         where X represents a halogen atom and n represents an integer of from 2 to 6. 
       
     
     
         7 . The electrophotographic member according to  claim 6 , wherein the binder resin has a structure derived from a monovalent cationic compound containing a monovalent phosphonium group or a monovalent nitrogen containing heterocyclic group. 
     
     
         8 . The electrophotographic member according to  claim 7 , wherein the monovalent cationic group is at least one member selected from the group consisting of formulae (6), (7), (10), (11), (12) and (14): 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         9 . An electrophotographic member, comprising:
 an electro-conductive substrate; and   an electro-conductive resin layer, wherein   the electro-conductive resin layer contains a resin, and an ion conducting agent consisting of a cation and an anion, the anion being at least one anion selected from the group consisting of formulae (1), (3) and (4):   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         where X represents a halogen atom and n represents an integer of from 2 to 6. 
       
     
     
         10 . The electrophotographic member according to  claim 9 , wherein the cation is a monovalent cation compound containing a monovalent phosphonium group or a monovalent nitrogen containing heterocyclic group. 
     
     
         11 . The electrophotographic member according to  claim 10 , wherein the monovalent cationic group is at least one member selected from the group consisting of formulae (6), (7), (10), (11), (12) and (14): 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         12 . A process cartridge, which is removably mounted onto a main body of an electrophotographic apparatus, the process cartridge comprising at least one of a charging member, a developer carrying member, and a developer layer thickness regulating member, wherein
 at least one of the charging member, the developer carrying member, and the developer layer thickness regulating member is an electrophotographic member comprising:   an electro-conductive substrate; and   an electro-conductive resin layer, the electro-conductive resin layer containing an ion conducting agent consisting of a cation and an anion,   the cation being a binder resin of the electro-conductive resin layer, wherein a cationic group is bound to the binder resin, and   the anion being at least one anion selected from the group consisting of formulae (1), (3) and (4):   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         where X represents a halogen atom and n represents an integer of from 2 to 6.