US2018155214A1PendingUtilityA1

Compositions and methods for the removal of phosphates and other contaminants from aqueous solutions

Assignee: NCLEAR INCPriority: Aug 30, 2012Filed: Sep 8, 2017Published: Jun 7, 2018
Est. expiryAug 30, 2032(~6.1 yrs left)· nominal 20-yr term from priority
C02F 1/281C02F 2101/105C02F 2103/001C02F 2103/20C04B 14/06C04B 22/064C02F 1/288C04B 2111/00189C04B 22/062C02F 2101/163C04B 28/18C02F 2103/32C02F 2103/22B01J 20/3078B01J 20/10C02F 2101/20C04B 40/024Y02P40/615Y02P40/60
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Claims

Abstract

Compositions and methods for removing phosphates, nitrates and heavy metals from aqueous solutions.

Claims

exact text as granted — not AI-modified
What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . A method of producing a composition capable of removing phosphates, nitrates and heavy metals from a solution, comprising:
 (a) forming a slurry comprising calcium oxide, silicon dioxide, an alkali and a solvent, wherein the molar ratio of the calcium oxide:the silicon dioxide:the alkali ranges from 2.43-2.97:1.12-1.38:0.9-1.1; and   (b) producing the composition capable of removing phosphates, nitrates and heavy metals from a solution by subjecting the slurry to a hydrothermal process for about 1 to about 6 hours under about 13.5 to 16.5 psi of pressure.   
     
     
         2 . The method of  claim 1 , further comprising (c) heating the composition capable of removing phosphates, nitrates and heavy metals from a solution at about 540° C. to 660° C. for at least about 27 minutes. 
     
     
         3 . The method of  claim 1  or  2 , wherein the alkali is selected from the group consisting of ammonium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide. 
     
     
         4 . The method of  claims 1 - 3 , wherein the alkali is sodium hydroxide. 
     
     
         5 . The method of  claims 1 - 4 , wherein the solvent is selected from the group consisting of acetic acid, t-butanol, ethanol, formic acid, isopropanol, methanol, nitromethane, water, and a mixture thereof. 
     
     
         6 . The method of  claims 1 - 5 , wherein the solvent comprises water. 
     
     
         7 . The method of  claims 2 - 7 , wherein the heating step of claim (c) is performed at about 600° C. for at least 30 minutes. 
     
     
         8 . A method of producing a composition capable of removing phosphates, nitrates and heavy metals from a solution, comprising:
 (a) forming a slurry comprising calcium oxide, silicon dioxide, an alkali, a solvent and a metal halide salt, wherein the molar ratio of the calcium oxide:the silicon dioxide:the alkali:the metal halide salt ranges from 48.6-59.4:22.5-27.5:18-22:4.95-6.05; and   (b) producing the composition capable of removing phosphates, nitrates and heavy metals from a solution by subjecting the slurry to a hydrothermal process for about 1 to about 6 hours under about 13.5 to 16.5 psi of pressure.   
     
     
         9 . The method of  claim 8 , further comprising (c) heating the composition capable of removing phosphates, nitrates and heavy metals from a solution at about 540° C. to 660° C. for at least about 27 minutes. 
     
     
         10 . The method of  claim 8  or  9 , wherein the alkali is selected from the group consisting of ammonium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide. 
     
     
         11 . The method of  claims 8 - 10 , wherein the alkali is sodium hydroxide. 
     
     
         12 . The method of  claims 8 - 11 , wherein the solvent is selected from the group consisting of acetic acid, t-butanol, ethanol, formic acid, isopropanol, methanol, nitromethane, water, and a mixture thereof. 
     
     
         13 . The method of  claims 8 - 12 , wherein the solvent comprises water. 
     
     
         14 . The method of  claims 8 - 13 , wherein the metal halide salt is selected from the group consisting of aluminum chloride, ferric chloride, lanthanum chloride, and magnesium chloride. 
     
     
         15 . The method of  claims 8 - 14 , wherein the metal halide salt is ferric chloride hexahydrate. 
     
     
         16 . The method of  claims 8 - 15 , wherein the heating step of claim (c) is performed at 600° C. for at least 30 minutes. 
     
     
         17 . A composition produced by the method of  claims 1 - 16 . 
     
     
         18 . A composition characterized by the EDS spectrum shown in  FIG. 8 . 
     
     
         19 . A composition characterized by the XRD spectrum shown in  FIG. 9 . 
     
     
         20 . A composition comprising calcium silicate, calcium hydroxide, sodium chloride, silicon dioxide and calcium carbonate crystal structures characterized by an X-ray diffraction pattern expressed in terms of Bragg angle 2Θ, interplanar spacing, and relative intensity values: 
       
         
           
                 
                 
                 
               
                     
                 
                   Bragg angle 2Θ 
                   d 
                   Relative intensity 
                 
                     
                 
                     
                 
                 
                 
                 
               
                   18.1063 
                   4.89532 
                   28.67409 
                 
                   19.8817 
                   4.46199 
                   4.547442 
                 
                   20.8849 
                   4.24989 
                   10.05302 
                 
                   23.1636 
                   3.8367 
                   4.609025 
                 
                   26.6747 
                   3.33912 
                   63.91426 
                 
                   27.4448 
                   3.24714 
                   8.931069 
                 
                   28.7186 
                   3.10595 
                   9.66074 
                 
                   29.3996 
                   3.03554 
                   46.35756 
                 
                   31.6566 
                   2.82407 
                   100 
                 
                   34.2154 
                   2.6185 
                   36.79283 
                 
                   36.037 
                   2.49021 
                   2.083547 
                 
                   39.4625 
                   2.28158 
                   15.03306 
                 
                   41.2618 
                   2.18615 
                   8.137185 
                 
                   43.3281 
                   2.08656 
                   2.265682 
                 
                   45.4881 
                   1.99237 
                   56.2733 
                 
                   47.2604 
                   1.92171 
                   14.82384 
                 
                   47.4848 
                   1.91314 
                   11.70157 
                 
                   48.6166 
                   1.87122 
                   5.406887 
                 
                   50.137 
                   1.81798 
                   9.067216 
                 
                   50.8006 
                   1.79578 
                   13.45406 
                 
                   54.3658 
                   1.68613 
                   6.826049 
                 
                   56.523 
                   1.62679 
                   16.33507 
                 
                   59.9928 
                   1.54073 
                   6.003494 
                 
                   62.7463 
                   1.47958 
                   1.05093 
                 
                   64.2216 
                   1.4491 
                   2.82968 
                 
                   66.2656 
                   1.40927 
                   6.570272 
                 
                   68.2524 
                   1.37301 
                   4.79262 
                 
                   75.3313 
                   1.26058 
                   13.07787 
                 
                   81.4414 
                   1.18074 
                   1.714596 
                 
                   84.0006 
                   1.15116 
                   9.304232 
                 
                   84.7205 
                   1.14321 
                   3.51105 
                 
                   107.4102 
                   0.95571 
                   0.94311 
                 
                   110.036 
                   0.94013 
                   4.214059 
                 
                     
                 
             
                
                
                
               
               
                
               
            
             
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
         21 . A method of removing phosphates, nitrates and/or heavy metals from a solution, comprising contacting and reacting the composition of  claims 17 - 20  with a solution containing phosphates, nitrates and/or heavy metals. 
     
     
         22 . The method of  claim 21 , wherein the solution is contained within a reaction chamber and the composition is contacted and reacted with the solution under centrifugal force. 
     
     
         23 . The method of  claim 21 , wherein the solution is a final DAF or process stream. 
     
     
         24 . The method of  claim 21 , wherein the composition is contacted and reacted with the solution by way of a portion injector. 
     
     
         25 . The method of  claim 21 , wherein the composition is contacted and reacted with the solution by slurry broadcast. 
     
     
         26 . The method of  claim 21 , wherein the composition is formed into a buried barrier. 
     
     
         27 . The method of  claim 21 , wherein the composition is in the form of a flocculant and further comprises a polymer.

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