Circular birefringence identification of materials

Abstract

An optical system uses a sample medium disposed within an optical cavity, receives an input beam that may be non-coherent or coherent, and produces an optical energy from the input beam, by creating birefringent-induced beam components each cavity traversal, forming a mixed quantum state beam for the input beam. The mixed quantum state beam exits the cavity, and the energy distribution of the exiting beam is analyzed over a range of tuned input beam frequencies to uniquely identify circularly birefringent the materials within the sample medium, e.g., amino acids, proteins, or other circular birefringent molecules, biological or otherwise.

What is claimed: 
     
         1 . An optical system for analyzing and identifying a circularly birefringent sample medium, comprising:
 an optical cavity formed by a first mirror and a second mirror, wherein the first mirror is configured to receive into the cavity a beam from a beam source, and wherein the first mirror and the second mirror are positioned to propagate the beam over a plurality of roundtrip traversals of the cavity;   a circularly birefringent sample medium within the optical cavity, the circularly birefringent sample medium configured to receive the beam and temporally separate the beam into components with either clockwise or counter-clockwise rotating polarization states with each roundtrip traversal;   a plurality of polarizer elements within the optical cavity configured to induce a change in the polarization state of the beam or the beam components; and   a photodetector positioned to receive an exiting beam from the cavity after a threshold number of traversals of the beam and detect a signature of the circularly birefringent properties of the sample medium by measuring spectral response of the exiting beam.   
     
     
         2 . The optical system of  claim 1 , further comprising:
 a wavelength selector, comprising a pair of prisms and a single slit aperture, placed between the beam source and the cavity entrance;   wherein the pair of prisms are configured to:
 receive the beam from the beam source, and 
 rotate to allow a particular wavelength of light from the beam to impinge on the mounted aperture and subsequently enter the cavity; and 
   wherein the spectral response of the exiting beam is measured as a function of wavelength.   
     
     
         3 . The optical system of  claim 1 , wherein the beam source is narrow band LEDs, each configured to emit a particular wavelength, and wherein the spectral response of the beam is measured as a function of wavelength. 
     
     
         4 . The optical system of  claim 1 , wherein the beam source is a tunable beam source configured to produce the beam over a range of wavelengths. 
     
     
         5 . The optical system of  claim 4 , wherein the range of wavelengths is from 245 nm to 1600 nm. 
     
     
         6 . The optical system of  claim 4 , wherein the range of wavelengths is from 380 nm to 1.4 microns. 
     
     
         7 . The optical system of  claim 4 , further comprising a signal processing device, having one or more processors and one or more memories, and configured (i) to analyze the exiting beam from the cavity over a range of beam wavelengths and (ii) to identify a circular birefringent material in the sample medium based on the signature of the circularly birefringent properties of the sample medium. 
     
     
         8 . The optical system of  claim 7 , wherein the signal processing device is configured to identify the circular birefringent material by comparing the signature to a database of stored signatures for different circularly birefringent materials. 
     
     
         9 . The optical system of  claim 1 , wherein the circular birefringence of the sample medium is induced by an external magnetic field applied only to the sample medium. 
     
     
         10 . The optical system of  claim 1 , wherein the first mirror and the second mirror are both curved mirrors. 
     
     
         11 . The optical system of  claim 1 , wherein the first mirror and the second mirror are both flat mirrors. 
     
     
         12 . The optical system of  claim 1 , wherein the first mirror is highly reflective and the second mirror is partially reflective. 
     
     
         13 . The optical system of  claim 1 , wherein the first mirror has an entrance hole for receiving the beam from the beam source, and wherein the second mirror has an exit hole for producing the energy to the photodetector. 
     
     
         14 . The optical system of  claim 1 , wherein the plurality of polarizer elements comprises a pair of polarizers or a pair of waveplates. 
     
     
         15 . The optical system of  claim 1 , wherein the plurality of polarizer elements comprises a pair of polarizer rotators. 
     
     
         16 . The optical system of  claim 1 , wherein the plurality of polarizer elements comprise electrically controllable, liquid crystal polarization rotators. 
     
     
         17 . The optical system of  claim 1 , wherein the plurality of polarizer elements comprises a plurality of electrically controllable polarizer rotators, the optical system further comprising a processing device electrically coupled to at least one of the plurality of electrically controllable polarizer rotators to apply a perturbation signal to a voltage control signal for the at least one of the electrically controllable polarizer rotators. 
     
     
         18 . The optical system of  claim 17 , wherein the plurality of electrically controllable polarizer rotators comprises liquid crystal polarizer rotators. 
     
     
         19 . The optical system of  claim 17 , wherein the plurality of electrically controllable polarizer rotators comprises polarizers or waveplates with an orientation that is adjustable through an electrically controlled mounting stage. 
     
     
         20 . The optical system of  claim 1 , wherein the first mirror and the second mirror are both flat mirrors, and wherein the plurality of polarizer elements comprises a plurality of polarizer rotator segments, each segment spaced transversely from each other segment and positioned to receive and a provide polarization rotation to the bifurcating beam within the cavity.