Flame-retardant impact modifier

Abstract

In an example, a material includes a cellulosic nanomaterial and multiple polymer chains chemically bonded to the cellulosic nanomaterial. Each polymer chain includes a styrene-butadiene copolymer.

1 . A material comprising
 a cellulosic nanomaterial; and   multiple polymer chains chemically bonded to the cellulosic nanomaterial, each polymer chain comprising a copolymer of styrene, butadiene, and a fire-retardant monomer.   
     
     
         2 . The material of  claim 1 , wherein the fire-retardant monomer comprises a methyl methacrylate group. 
     
     
         3 . The material of  claim 1 , wherein the fire-retardant monomer is a halogen-containing compound. 
     
     
         4 . The material of  claim 1 , wherein the fire-retardant monomer is a phosphorus-containing compound. 
     
     
         5 . The material of  claim 1 , wherein at least one of the polymer chains comprises 4-(diphenylphosphino)styrene. 
     
     
         6 . The material of  claim 1 , wherein at least one of the polymer chains comprises at least one of a phosphorus-containing acrylic monomer or a phosphorus-containing styrenic monomer. 
     
     
         7 . A polymer blend comprising:
 at least one polymer;   an impact modifier blended with the at least one polymer, the impact modifier comprising:
 a cellulosic nanomaterial; and 
 multiple polymer chains chemically bonded to the cellulosic nanomaterial, each polymer chain comprising a copolymer of styrene, butadiene, and a fire-retardant monomer. 
   
     
     
         8 . The polymer blend of  claim 7 , wherein the fire-retardant monomer comprises a methyl methacrylate group. 
     
     
         9 . The polymer blend of  claim 7 , wherein the fire-retardant monomer comprises a halogen-containing compound. 
     
     
         10 . The polymer blend of  claim 7 , wherein the fire-retardant monomer comprises at least one of a phosphorus-containing acrylic monomer or a phosphorus-containing styrenic monomer. 
     
     
         11 . The polymer blend of  claim 7 , wherein the at least one polymer comprises a bio-renewable polymer. 
     
     
         12 . The polymer blend of  claim 7 , wherein the at least one polymer comprises polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), polyamide (PA), polyglycolic acid (PGA), polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polyethylene terephtalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), plastarch material (PSM), polycarbonate (PC), or a combination or copolymer thereof. 
     
     
         13 . A method comprising
 combining a methyl methacrylate-functionalized cellulosic nanomaterial with at least a styrenic first monomer and a second monomer; and   initiating a reaction of the methyl methacrylate-functionalized cellulosic nanomaterial, the first monomer and the second monomer to form a compound including multiple polymer chains chemically bonded to the methyl methacrylate-functionalized cellulosic nanomaterial.   
     
     
         14 . The method of  claim 13 , further comprising, before combining the methyl methacrylate-functionalized cellulosic nanomaterial with at least the first monomer and the second monomer:
 combining an acyl halide and a cellulosic nanomaterial; and   initiating a reaction of the acyl halide and the cellulosic nanomaterial to form the methyl methacrylate-functionalized cellulosic nanomaterial.   
     
     
         15 . The method of  claim 13 , wherein the first monomer includes styrene and the second monomer includes butadiene. 
     
     
         16 . The method of  claim 13 , wherein a fire-retardant compound is combined with the methyl methacrylate-functionalized cellulosic nanomaterial, the first monomer, and the second monomer, and at least one of the polymer chains includes the fire-retardant compound.