Advanced glycation end product analogues

Abstract

Disclosed are processes for the production of composition comprising one or more fructose amino acids, said process comprising the steps of: (a) providing plant material derived from a botanical source selected from plants of the families Solanaceae, Compositae, (Asteraceae), Guttiferae, Umbelliferae, Papaveraceae, Vitidaceae or Acanthaceae; (b) extracting one or more fructose amino acid(s) from said plant material; and optionally (c) detecting the presence and/or measuring the amount of said fructose amino acid(s) in the extract of step (b).

1 - 15 . (canceled) 
     
     
         16 . A method, comprising:
 administering to a subject a composition comprising an isolated fructose amino acid, said fructose amino acid being N2-β-D-Fructopyranos-1-yl-Arginine (5-carbamimidamido-2-{[(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)methyl]amino}pentanoic acid) of the formula:   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 
     
     
         17 . The method of  claim 16 , wherein the subject has an AGE-mediated disease. 
     
     
         18 . The method of  claim 17 , wherein the AGE-mediated disease is inflammatory disease; depression; neurodegenerative disorder; Alzheimer's disease; Parkinson's disease; diabetes; complication and clinical sequelae of diabetes; amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; muscle wasting; atherosclerosis; peripheral vascular disease; myocardial infarction; congestive heart failure; diabetic cataract; diabetic retinopathy; diabetic neuropathy; diabetic nephropathy; swelling or erythema of the skin or psoriasis. 
     
     
         19 . The method of any one of  claims 16 - 18 , wherein the isolated fructose amino acid is present in the composition at a level of at least 5% w/w, 10% w/w; 15% w/w; 20% w/w; 25% w/w; 30% w/w; 35% w/w; 40% w/w; 45% w/w; 50% w/w, 60% w/w, 70% w/w, 80% w/w, 90% w/w, 99% w/w (on a dry weight basis). 
     
     
         20 . The method of  claim 18 , wherein the AGE-mediated disease is diabetes; complication and clinical sequelae of diabetes; diabetic cataract; diabetic retinopathy; diabetic neuropathy or diabetic nephropathy. 
     
     
         21 . The method of  claim 18 , wherein the AGE-mediated disease is type I diabetes or type II diabetes. 
     
     
         22 . A method, comprising:
 topical application to the skin of a composition comprising an isolated fructose amino acid, said fructose amino acid being N2-β-D-Fructopyranos-1-yl-Arginine (5-carbamimidamido-2-{[(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)methyl]amino}pentanoic acid) of the formula:   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 
     
     
         23 . The method of  claim 22 , wherein the composition is in an amount effective for reducing swelling or erythema of the skin. 
     
     
         24 . The method of  claim 22  or  23 , wherein the isolated fructose amino acid is present in the composition at a level of at least 5% w/w, 10% w/w; 15% w/w; 20% w/w; 25% w/w; 30% w/w; 35% w/w; 40% w/w; 45% w/w; 50% w/w, 60% w/w, 70% w/w, 80% w/w, 90% w/w, 99% w/w (on a dry weight basis).