Control of Cellular Redox Levels

Abstract

Disclosed herein are compositions and methods for regulating redox status and/or reducing oxidative stress in a subject, the methods and compositions comprising TLR agonists comprising bacterial lysates and/or lysate fractions. Also disclosed are compositions and methods comprising bacterial lysates and/or lysate fractions formulated or administered in combination with one or more other therapeutic or pharmaceutical agents.

1 .- 55 . (canceled) 
     
     
         56 . A method of decreasing the amount of isoprostane in the urine or blood of a subject, the method comprising the steps of:
 (a) determining the level of isoprostane in the urine or blood of the subject;   (b) administering to the subject an effective amount of a composition comprising:
 (i) a toll-like receptor (TLR) agonist comprising at least one bacterial lysate and/or lysate fraction from a bacterium, wherein the TLR agonist activates at least one or more different TLRs or NLRs; and 
 (ii) an optional promoter for enhancing absorption of the composition; and 
   (c) continuing administration of the composition until the level of isoprostane in the urine or blood of the subject is decreased.   
     
     
         57 . The method of  claim 56 , wherein the bacterium is a Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacterium. 
     
     
         58 . The method of  claim 57 , wherein the bacterium is
 (a) a Gram-positive bacterium selected from the group consisting of:  Bacillus coagulans, Lactobacillus sporogenes, Streptococcus thermophilus, Bifidobacterium animalis, Bifidobacterium animalis , subspecies  animalis, Bifidobacterium infantis, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium breve, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus delbrueckii, Lactobacillus delbrueckii  subspecies  bulgaricus, Lactococcus lactis, Lactococcus lactis  subspecies  lactis, Streptococcus lactis, Streptococcus thermophilus, Bifidobacterium lactis, Bifidobacterium breve, Pediococcus acidilactici , and  Lactobacillus helveticus ; or   (b) a Gram-negative bacterium selected from the group consisting of:  Klebsiella oxytocia, Shigella flexneri, Xanthomonas campestris , and  Pseudomonas flourescens.      
     
     
         59 .- 112 . (canceled) 
     
     
         113 . The method of  claim 56 , wherein the lysate and/or lysate fraction activates at least one TLR or NLR. 
     
     
         114 . The method of  claim 56 , wherein the lysate and/or lysate fraction activates at least two TLRs and/or NLRs. 
     
     
         115 . The method of  claim 56 , wherein the lysate and/or lysate fraction activates at least three TLRs and/or NLRs. 
     
     
         116 . The method of  claim 56 , wherein the TLR agonist activates at least one or more of TLR 2, TLR 3, TLR 4, TLR 5, TLR 7, TLR 8, TLR 9, NOD1, or NOD2. 
     
     
         117 . The method of  claim 56 , wherein the TLR agonist activates two or more of TLR 2, TLR 3, TLR 4, TLR 5, TLR 7, TLR 8, TLR 9, NOD1, or NOD2. 
     
     
         118 . The method of  claim 56 , wherein the TLR agonist activates three or more of TLR 2, TLR 3, TLR 4, TLR 5, TLR 7, TLR 8, TLR 9, NOD1, or NOD2. 
     
     
         119 . The method of  claim 56 , wherein the TLR agonist activates TLR 2 and TLR 4. 
     
     
         120 . The method of  claim 56 , wherein the promoter is selected from the group consisting of amino acids, amino sugars, and sugars. 
     
     
         121 . The method of  claim 56 , wherein the composition is manufactured as a dosage form selected from the group consisting of a lozenge, a chewing gum, a chewable tablet, a candy, and a dissolving tablet. 
     
     
         122 . The method of  claim 121 , wherein the dosage form delivers the agonist to an oral mucosa. 
     
     
         123 . The method of  claim 122 , wherein the oral mucosa is selected from the group consisting of the sublingual mucosa, buccal mucosa, and a combination thereof. 
     
     
         124 . The method of  claim 56 , wherein the subject is a mammal. 
     
     
         125 . The method of  claim 124 , wherein the mammal is a human. 
     
     
         126 . The method of  claim 56 , wherein the subject is a non-mammal. 
     
     
         127 . The method of  claim 126 , wherein the subject is a fish, fowl, crustacean, or insect. 
     
     
         128 . The method of  claim 127 , wherein the insect is  Drosophila.