Systems and methods for single-molecule detection using nanotubes

Abstract

A method for single-molecule detection is provided and uses a carbon nanotube having a probe entity attached thereto to define a first state of the carbon nanotube. The carbon nanotube is introduced to a target entity to define a second state of the carbon nanotube. The electrical conductance of the carbon nanotube in the first and second states is compared to detect the presence of a biomolecular entity. A system for single-molecule detection including a carbon nanotube is also provided.

1 . A method for single-molecule detection, comprising:
 providing a carbon nanotube having a probe entity attached thereto that defines a first state of the carbon nanotube;   introducing the carbon nanotube to a target entity to define a second state of the carbon nanotube;   comparing the electrical conductance of the carbon nanotube in the first and second states to detect the presence of a biomolecular entity.   
     
     
         2 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the providing further comprises attaching the probe entity to the carbon nanotube by applying a point defect to the carbon nanotube and attaching the probe entity to the carbon nanotube at the point defect. 
     
     
         3 . The method of  claim 2 , wherein the point defect comprises a single carboxyl defect. 
     
     
         4 . The method of  claim 2 , wherein the providing further comprises attaching the probe entity to the carbon nanotube via a coupling reaction. 
     
     
         5 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the probe entity comprises a probe DNA. 
     
     
         6 . The method of  claim 5 , wherein the probe DNA comprises single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). 
     
     
         7 . The method of  claim 5 , wherein the target entity comprises a complementary target DNA. 
     
     
         8 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the probe entity comprises a protein, and the target entity comprises a target protein to bind to the probe protein. 
     
     
         9 . The method of  claim 8 , wherein the probe entity comprises an enzyme. 
     
     
         10 . The method of  claim 9 , wherein the enzyme comprises DNA polymerase or RNA polymerase, and the target entity comprises newly incorporated nucleotides in a synthesized sequence. 
     
     
         11 . The method of  claim 10 , wherein one or more conformational changes of the DNA polymerase or RNA polymerase defines the second state relative to the first state. 
     
     
         12 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the introducing further comprises introducing the carbon nanotube to the target entity in a buffer composition containing the target entity. 
     
     
         13 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the comparing further comprises comparing the electrical conductance of the carbon nanotube in the first and second states to predetermined conductance data to ascertain the identity of the target entity. 
     
     
         14 . The method of  claim 13 , wherein the predetermined conductance data comprises a calibration curve. 
     
     
         15 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the carbon nanotube comprises a single-walled carbon nanotube. 
     
     
         16 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the carbon nanotube comprises a field effect transistor that provides an electronic signal for measuring the conductance in the first and second states of the carbon nanotube. 
     
     
         17 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the method is label free. 
     
     
         18 . Use of the method of  claim 1  to provide single-molecule, sequencing-by-synthesis (SBS) of a biomolecule. 
     
     
         19 . The method of  claim 18 , wherein the method is label free. 
     
     
         20 . A system for single-molecule detection, comprising:
 a carbon nanotube having a probe entity attached thereto that defines a first state of the carbon nanotube;   a field effect transistor in electronic communication with the carbon nanotube; and   a supply of a target entity that when introduced to the carbon nanotube defines a second state of the carbon nanotube such that the electrical conductance of the carbon nanotube in the first and second states is compared to detect the presence of a biomolecular entity.   
     
     
         21 . The system for single-molecule detection of  claim 20 , further comprising a buffer composition to introduce the target DNA to the carbon nanotube. 
     
     
         22 . The system for single-molecule detection of  claim 20 , wherein the probe entity is attached to the carbon nanotube at a point defect. 
     
     
         23 . The system for single-molecule detection of  claim 20 , wherein the probe entity comprises a probe DNA. 
     
     
         24 . The system for single-molecule detection of  claim 23 , wherein the target entity is a complementary target DNA.