Methods and products for preventing and/or treating metastatic cancer

Abstract

The present invention provides a catalyst precursor and a catalyst suitable for preparing multi-wall carbon nanotubes. The resulting multi-wall carbon nanotubes have a narrow distribution as to the number of walls forming the tubes and a narrow distribution in the range of diameters for the tubes. Additionally, the present invention provides methods for producing multi-wall carbon nanotubes having narrow distributions in the number of walls and diameters. Further, the present invention provides a composition of spent catalyst carrying multi-wall nanotubes having narrow distribution ranges of walls and diameters.

1 . A method of inducing an immune response to a cancer in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of an inhibitor of a chemokine receptor CCX-CKR. 
     
     
         2 . The method according to claim  27 , wherein the cancer is a metastatic cancer. 
     
     
         3 . The method according to claim  27 , wherein the inhibitor comprises one or more of a small interfering RNA, a microRNA, an antisense RNA, a ligand for a chemokine receptor CCX-CKR, and an antibody and/or an antigen binding part thereof. 
     
     
         4 . The method according to claim  27 , wherein administering the inhibitor to the subject induces anti-tumour CD4+ and/or CD8+ cells in the subject. 
     
     
         5 . An antibody to a chemokine receptor CCX-CKR and/or an antigen binding part thereof, wherein the antibody and/or the antigen binding part thereof inhibits metastasis of a cancer in a subject. 
     
     
         6 . The antibody and/or antigen binding part thereof according to claim  29 , wherein the cancer is a melanoma, a breast cancer, a prostate cancer, an ovarian cancer, or a colorectal cancer. 
     
     
         7 . The antibody and/or antigen binding part thereof according to claim  29 , wherein the antibody and/or the antigen binding part thereof binds to one or more amino acids and/or an epitope located in one or more of the following regions of the human chemokine receptor CCX-CKR: amino acids 1 to 42, amino acids 109 to 113, amino acids 176 to 201, and amino acids 262 to 289; or an equivalent region of the receptor in another species. 
     
     
         8 . A cell expressing an antibody and/or antigen binding part thereof according to claim 
     
     
         9 . A method of preventing and/or treating metastatic cancer in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of an antibody and/or an antigen binding part thereof according to claim  29 . 
     
     
         10 . The antibody and/or antigen binding part thereof according to claim  33 , wherein the antibody and/or the antigen binding part thereof binds to one or more amino acids and/or an epitope located in amino acids 1 to 42 of the human chemokine receptor CCX-CKR. 
     
     
         11 . The antibody and/or antigen binding part thereof according to claim  68 , wherein the antibody and/or the antigen binding part thereof binds to an one or more amino acids and/or an epitope in one or more of polypeptide sequences: SEQ ID NOs. 5 to 24. 
     
     
         12 . The antibody and/or antigen binding part thereof according to claim  29 , wherein administering the antibody and/or antigen binding part thereof to the subject induces anti-tumour CD4+ and/or CD8+ cells in the subject.