Compositions and formulations of glucosamine for transdermal and transmucosal administration

Abstract

Disclosed are compositions and formulations comprising glucosamine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in the treatment of joint conditions and adapted for use in a bath or soak or bath beads, powders, salts, and oils, kits, and methods of treatment using the same. Also disclosed are lozenges, suppositories, patches, and topical creams comprising glucosamine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in the treatment of joint conditions and methods of treatment using the same. In some embodiments the joint conditions include ostearthritis.

1 - 20 . (canceled) 
     
     
         21 . An aqueous solution comprising glucosamine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for topical application on a subject; wherein the aqueous solution is of a volume for topical application such that at least 5% of a subject's skin is immersed in the aqueous solution. 
     
     
         22 . The aqueous solution of  claim 21 , wherein at least 10% of the subject's skin is immersed in the aqueous solution. 
     
     
         23 . The aqueous solution of  claim 21 , wherein at least 25% of the subject's skin is immersed in the aqueous solution. 
     
     
         24 . The aqueous solution of  claim 21 , wherein the glucosamine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is selected from the group consisting of: glucosamine, N-acetylglucosamine, glucosamine sulfate, glucosamine hydrochloride, and combinations thereof. 
     
     
         25 . The aqueous solution of  claim 21 , further comprising one or more of chondroitin sulfate and methylsulfonylmethane. 
     
     
         26 . The aqueous solution of  claim 21 , further comprising one or more transdermal permeation enhancer. 
     
     
         27 . The aqueous solution of  claim 21 , further comprising one or more selected from the group consisting of: sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, potassium chloride, and magnesium sulfate. 
     
     
         28 . The aqueous solution of  claim 26 , wherein the transdermal permeation enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of: sea salt, urea, a sulphoxide, an azone, an oxazolidinone, a pyrrolidone, a fatty alcohol, a fatty acid ester, a fatty acid, a fatty alcohol ether, a surfactant, an essential oil, a terpene, and a terpenoid. 
     
     
         29 . An aqueous solution comprising glucosamine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for topical application on a subject; wherein the aqueous solution is of a volume for topical application such that at least 1/6 of the body surface area of the subject's external body is exposed to the aqueous solution. 
     
     
         30 . The aqueous solution of  claim 29 , wherein the glucosamine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is selected from the group consisting of: glucosamine, N-acetylglucosamine, glucosamine sulfate, glucosamine hydrochloride, and combinations thereof. 
     
     
         31 . The aqueous solution of  claim 29 , further comprising one or more of chondroitin sulfate and methylsulfonylmethane. 
     
     
         32 . The aqueous solution of  claim 29 , further comprising one or more transdermal permeation enhancer. 
     
     
         33 . The aqueous solution of  claim 29 , further comprising one or more selected from the group consisting of: sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, potassium chloride, and magnesium sulfate. 
     
     
         34 . The aqueous solution of  claim 32 , wherein the transdermal permeation enhancer is one or more selected from the group consisting of: sea salt, urea, a sulphoxide, an azone, an oxazolidinone, a pyrrolidone, a fatty alcohol, a fatty acid ester, a fatty acid, a fatty alcohol ether, a surfactant, an essential oil, a terpene, and a terpenoid.