Biological Buffers with Wide Buffering Ranges

Abstract

Amines and amine derivatives that improve the buffering range, and/or reduce the chelation and other negative interactions of the buffer and the system to be buffered. The reaction of amines or polyamines with various molecules to form polyamines with differing pKa's will extend the buffering range, derivatives that result in polyamines that have the same pKa yields a greater buffering capacity. Derivatives that result in zwitterionic buffers improve yield by allowing a greater range of stability.

I claim: 
     
         1 . The biological buffer of the following structure and its salts: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         where A and D are independently chosen from —H, —CH3, —CH2CH3, —CH2CH2CH3, —CH2OH, —CH2O(CH2CH2CH2N) n H, and where n and m are integers greater than zero. 
       
     
     
         2 . The biological buffer and its salts of  claim 1  wherein A=D=—CH3 and m=1. 
     
     
         3 . The biological buffer and its salts of  claim 1  wherein A=D=—CH2OH and m=1. 
     
     
         4 . The biological buffer and its salts of  claim 1  wherein A=D-CH2O(CH2CH2CH2N) n H and n=m=1. 
     
     
         5 . The biological buffer and its salts of  claim 1  wherein A=—CH2CH3, D=—CH2O(CH2CH2CH2N) n H and n=m=1. 
     
     
         6 . The biological buffer and its salts of  claim 1  wherein A=—CH3, D=—CH2O(CH2CH2CH2N) n H and n=m=1. 
     
     
         7 . The biological buffer and its salts of  claim 1  wherein A is —CH3 and D is —CH2CH3. 
     
     
         8 . The quaternary ammonium compound and its salts of the following structure: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         where A, D, and E are independently chosen from, —H, —CH3, —CH2CH3, —CH2OH; G is chosen from —H, or —CH2CH3; R and R′ are chosen independently and selected from the group alkyl, alkenal, or alkynal, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated. 
       
     
     
         9 . The quaternary ammonium compound and its salts of  claim 8  wherein A=D=—CH3, E=—CH2OH, R=R′=—CH3 and G=—H. 
     
     
         10 . The quaternary ammonium compound and its salts of  claim 8  wherein A=D=E=—CH2OH, R=R′=—CH3 and G=—H. 
     
     
         11 . The quaternary ammonium compound and its salts of  claim 8  wherein A=D=—CH3, E=—CH2OH, R=R′=—CH3 and G=—CH2CH3. 
     
     
         12 . The quaternary ammonium compound and its salts of  claim 8  wherein A=D=E=—CH2OH, R=R′=—CH3 and G=—CH2CH3. 
     
     
         13 . The surfactant of the following structure: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         where R is alkyl, saturated or unsaturated, cyclic or acyclic, branched or linear from 2-22 carbons; A and D are independently chosen from —H, —CH3, —CH2CH3, —CH2CH2CH3, —CH2OH. 
       
     
     
         14 . The surfactant of  claim 13  wherein A is —H and D is —CH3. 
     
     
         15 . The surfactant of  claim 13  wherein A is —CH3 and D is chosen from —CH3, —CH2CH3, —CH2CH2CH3, —CH2OH. 
     
     
         16 . The surfactant of  claim 13  wherein A is —CH3 and D is chosen from —CH2CH2CH3, —CH2OH. 
     
     
         17 . The surfactant of  claim 13  wherein A is —CH3 and D is —CH2OH.