Efficient, manganese catalyzed process to decompose cyanide ions and hydrogen cyanide for water decontamination

Abstract

Methods, kits, cartridges, and compounds related to generating chlorine dioxide by exposing ClO 2 − to at least one of a manganese porphyrin catalyst or a manganese porphyrazine catalyst are described. Methods, kits, cartridges, and compounds related to decomposed cyanide ions and hydrogen cyanide for water decontamination.

What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . A method of generating chlorine dioxide comprising exposing ClO 2   −  to a manganese porphyrizine catalyst. 
     
     
         2 . The method of  claim 1  comprising providing a the ClO 2   −  from a ClO 2   −  source. 
     
     
         3 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the ClO 2   −  source is a chlorite salt. 
     
     
         4 . The method of  claim 3 , wherein the ClO 2   −  chlorite salt is selected from the group consisting of sodium chlorite, potassium chlorite, calcium chlorite and magnesium chlorite. 
     
     
         5 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the ClO 2   −  is mixed with a solid filler or adsorbed on at least one substance selected from the group consisting of clay, silica, alumina and organic polymers. 
     
     
         6 . The method of  claim 5 , wherein the manganese porphyrazine catalyst is adsorbed on a solid support. 
     
     
         7 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the manganese porphyrazine catalyst is adsorbed on a solid support. 
     
     
         8 . A method of treating a substance comprising generating chlorine dioxide by exposing ClO 2   −  to a manganese porphyrazine catalyst, and exposing the substance to the generated chlorine dioxide. 
     
     
         9 . The method of  claim 8 , wherein the substance comprises water, air, a solid, a surface, cooling liquid, cooling liquid in a cooling tower, surfaces where biofilms may develop or have developed food processing equipment, food products, and oral hygiene products. 
     
     
         10 . The method of  claim 8 , wherein the ClO 2   −  is mixed with a solid filler or adsorbed on at least one substance selected from the group consisting of clay, silica, alumina and organic polymers. 
     
     
         11 . The method of  claim 8 , wherein the manganese porphyrazine catalyst is adsorbed on a solid support. 
     
     
         12 . A kit for generating chlorine dioxide comprising a manganese porphyrazine catalyst. 
     
     
         13 . The kit of  claim 12  further comprising instructions to combine the at least one manganese porphyrazine catalyst catalyst with ClO 2   − . 
     
     
         14 . The kit of  claim 12  further comprising ClO 2   − . 
     
     
         15 . The kit of  claim 14 , wherein the ClO 2   −  is mixed with a solid filler or adsorbed on at least one substance selected from the group consisting of clay, silica, alumina and organic polymers. 
     
     
         16 . The kit of  claim 14  further comprising instructions to combine the at least one catalyst with the ClO 2   − . 
     
     
         17 . The kit of  claim 12 , wherein the manganese porphyrazine catalyst is adsorbed on a solid support. 
     
     
         18 . The kit of  claim 17 , wherein the solid support includes a substance selected from the group consisting of clay, silica, alumina, glass beads, functionalized polystyrene or organic polymers. 
     
     
         19 . A cartridge comprising a housing and at least one of a manganese porphyrin catalyst or a manganese porphyrazine catalyst in the housing, wherein the cartridge is adapted to allow reactants to contact the at least one of a manganese porphyrin catalyst or a manganese porphyrazine. 
     
     
         20 . The cartridge of  claim 19  further comprising a ClO 2   −  source. 
     
     
         21 . The cartridge of  claim 20 , wherein the ClO 2   −  source is a chlorite salt. 
     
     
         22 . The cartridge of  claim 20 , wherein the at least one of a manganese porphyrin catalyst or a manganese porphyrazine catalyst and the ClO 2   −  source are separated by an interface. 
     
     
         23 . The cartridge of  claim 22 , wherein the interface is a solid material configured to allow mixing of the at least one of a manganese porphyrin catalyst or a manganese porphyrazine catalyst with the ClO 2   −  source upon mechanical disruption. 
     
     
         24 . The cartridge of  claim 23 , wherein the mechanical disruption includes breaking of the solid material. 
     
     
         25 . The cartridge of  claim 23 , wherein the mechanical disruption includes dissolution of the solid material. 
     
     
         26 . The cartridge of  claim 20 , wherein the housing includes a first compartment and a second compartment, and the at least one of a manganese porphyrin catalyst or a manganese porphyrazine catalyst is in the first compartment and the ClO 2   −  source is in the second compartment. 
     
     
         27 . The cartridge of  claim 19 , wherein the at least one of a manganese porphyrin catalyst or a manganese porphyrazine catalyst is adsorbed on a solid support. 
     
     
         28 . The cartridge of  claim 27 , wherein the solid support includes a substance selected from the group consisting of clay, silica, alumina, glass beads, functionalized polystyrene, or organic polymers.