Methods of treatment for cholestatic and fibrotic diseases

Abstract

The present invention relates to the compound [2-[(5-nitro-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl]phenyl]ethanoate (Nitazoxanide) or 2-hydroxy-N-(5-nitro-2-thiazolyl)benzamide (Tizoxanide) for treating cholestatic and fibrotic diseases.

We claim: 
     
         1 . A method of treating a cholestatic or fibrotic disorder comprising administering a compound selected from the group consisting of Nitazoxanide (NTZ), Tizoxanide (TZ), Tizoxanide glucuronide (TZG), and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of NTZ, TZ or TZG to a subject having a cholestatic or fibrotic disorder. 
     
     
         2 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein NTZ and TZ or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of NTZ or TZ is administered to the subject. 
     
     
         3 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein said compound or pharmaceutically acceptable salt is a pharmaceutical composition. 
     
     
         4 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the fibrotic disorder is selected from the group consisting of liver, gut, kidney, skin, epidermis, endodermis, muscle, tendon, cartilage, heart, pancreas, lung, uterus, nervous system, testis, penis, ovary, adrenal gland, artery, vein, colon, intestine, biliary tract, soft tissue, bone marrow, joint, eye and stomach fibrosis. 
     
     
         5 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the fibrotic disorder is selected from the group consisting of liver, gut, lung, heart, kidney, muscle, skin, soft tissue, bone marrow, intestinal, and joint fibrosis. 
     
     
         6 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the fibrotic disorder is selected from the group consisting of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), pulmonary fibrosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, skin fibrosis, eye fibrosis, endomyocardial fibrosis, mediastinal fibrosis, myelofibrosis, retroperitoneal fibrosis, progressive massive fibrosis, proliferative fibrosis, neoplastic fibrosis, lung fibrosis consecutive to chronic inflammatory airway disease (COPD, asthma, emphysema, smoker's lung, tuberculosis), alcohol or drug-induced liver fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, infection-induced liver fibrosis, radiation or chemotherapeutic-induced fibrosis, nephrogenic systemic fibrosis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, keloid, old myocardial infarction, scleroderma/systemic sclerosis, arthrofibrosis, some forms of adhesive capsulitis, chronic fibrosing cholangiopathies such as Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC), Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC), biliary atresia, familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 3 (PFIC3), peri-implantational fibrosis and asbestosis. 
     
     
         7 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the cholestatic disorder is selected in the group consisting of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy, Progressive Familial Intrahepatic Cholestasis, Biliary atresia, Cholelithiasis, Infectious Cholangitis, Cholangitis associated with Langerhans cell histiocytosis, Alagille syndrome, Nonsyndromic ductal paucity, Drug-induced cholestasis, and Total parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis. 
     
     
         8 . The method according to  claim 7 , wherein the cholestatic disorder is PBC. 
     
     
         9 . The method according to  claim 1 , said method comprising administering a compound selected from the group consisting of Nitazoxanide (NTZ), Tizoxanide (TZ), Tizoxanide glucuronide (TZG), and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of NTZ, TZ or TZG in combination with at least one therapeutically active agent with known antifibrotic activity selected from pirfenidone or receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (RTKIs) such as Nintedanib, Sorafenib and other RTKIs, or angiotensin II (AT1) receptor blockers, or CTGF inhibitor, or any antifibrotic compound susceptible to interfere with the TGFβ- and BMP-activated pathways including activators of the latent TGFβ complex such as MMP2, MMP9, THBS1 or cell-surface integrins, TGFβ receptors type I (TGFBRI) or type II (TGFBRII) and their ligands such as TGFβ, Activin, inhibin, Nodal, anti-Müllerian hormone, GDFs or BMPs, auxiliary co-receptors (also known as type III receptors), or components of the SMAD-dependent canonical pathway including regulatory or inhibitory SMAD proteins, or members of the SMAD-independent or non-canonical pathways including various branches of MAPK signaling, TAK1, Rho-like GTPase signaling pathways, phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/AKT pathways, TGFβ-induced EMT process, or canonical and non-canonical Hedgehog signaling pathways including Hh ligands or target genes, or any members of the WNT, or Notch pathways which are susceptible to influence TGFβ signaling. 
     
     
         10 . The method according to  claim 1 , said method comprising administering a compound selected from the group consisting of Nitazoxanide (NTZ), Tizoxanide (TZ), Tizoxanide glucuronide (TZG), and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of NTZ, TZ or TZG in combination with at least one therapeutically active agent selected from JAK/STAT inhibitors, other anti-inflammatory and/or immunosuppressant agents. 
     
     
         11 . The method according to  claim 10 , wherein the therapeutically active agent is selected from glucocorticoids, NSAIDS, cyclophosphamide, nitrosoureas, folic acid analogs, purine analogs, pyrimidine analogs, methotrexate, azathioprine, mercaptopurine, ciclosporin, myriocin, tacrolimus, sirolimus, mycophenolic acid derivatives, fingolimod and other sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulators, monoclonal and/or polyclonal antibodies against such targets as proinflammatory cytokines and proinflammatory cytokine receptors, T-cell receptor, and integrins.