Biological Buffers with Wide Buffering Ranges

Abstract

Amines and amine derivatives that improve the buffering range, and/or reduce the chelation and other negative interactions of the buffer and the system to be buffered. The reaction of amines or polyamines with various molecules to form polyamines with differing pKa's will extend the buffering range, derivatives that result in polyamines that have the same pKa yields a greater buffering capacity. Derivatives that result in zwitterionic buffers improve yield by allowing a greater range of stability.

I Claim: 
     
         1 ) The fuel additive of the following Structure: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         where A and D are independently chosen from —H, —CH3, —CH2CH3, —CH2CH2CH3, —CH2OH, —CH2COOH, —CH2CH2COOH, —CH2CH(CH3)COOH, —CH2PO(OH)2, —CH2O(CH2CH2O) n —(CH2CH(CH3)O) m —(CH2CH(CH2CH3)O) q H, —CH2O(CH2CH2O) n —(CH2CH(CH3)O) m —(CH2CH(CH2CH3)O) q —(CH2CH2CH2NH) r H, —CH2O(CH2CH2CH2NH) n H; G is chosen from —OH, —O(CH2CH2O) n —(CH2CH(CH3)O) m —(CH2CH(CH2CH3)O) q —(CH2CH2CH2NH) r H, E is chosen from —H, alkyl, saturated or unsaturated, branched or linear, cyclic or acyclic with from 1-22 carbons. J and J′ are independently chosen from —H, —(CH2CH2O) n —(CH2CH(CH3)O) m —(CH2CH(CH2CH3)O) q —(CH2CH2CH2NH) r H, n, m, q and r are non-negative integers. 
       
     
     
         2 ) The fuel additive of  claim 1  where A and D are independently chosen from —H, —CH3, —CH2CH3, —CH2CH2CH3, —CH2OH, —CH2COOH, —CH2CH2COOH, —CH2CH(CH3)COOH, —CH2PO(OH)2, —CH2O(CH2CH2O) n —(CH2CH(CH3)O) m —(CH2CH(CH2CH3)O) q H, —CH2O(CH2CH20O) n —(CH2CH(CH3)O) m —(CH2CH(CH2CH3)O) q —(CH2CH2CH2NH) r H, —CH2O(CH2CH2CH2NH) n H; G is chosen from —OH, —O(CH2CH2O) n —(CH2CH(CH3)O) m —(CH2CH(CH2CH3)O) q —(CH2CH2CH2NH) r H; E is alkyl, saturated or unsaturated, branched or linear, cyclic or acyclic with from 6-22 carbons; J and J′ are independently chosen from —H, —(CH2CH2O) n —(CH2CH(CH3)O) m —(CH2CH(CH2CH3)O) q —(CH2CH2CH2NH) r H; n, m, q and r are non-negative integers. 
     
     
         3 ) The mining collector of the following structure: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         where A, D and E are independently chosen from: —H, —CH3, —CH2CH3, —CH2CH2CH3, —(CH2CH2O) n —(CH2CH(CH3)O) m —(CH2CH(CH2CH3)O) L H, —(CH2CH2CH2NH) n H, —(CH2CH2O) n —(CH2CH(CH3)O) m (CH2CH2CH2NH) Q H; J and J′ are independently chosen from —H, ═O, —(CH2CH2O) n H—(CH2CH(CH3)O) m —(CH2CH(CH2CH3)O) L H, —(CH2CH2CH2NH)nH, —(CH2CH2O) n —(CH2CH(CH3)O) m —(CH2CH(CH2CH3)O) L H, —O(CH2CH2O) n —(CH2CH(CH3)O) m —(CH2CH(CH2CH3)O) L H (CH2CH2CH2NH) Q H; n, m, L and Q are integers. 
       
     
     
         4 ) The fuel additive of the following Structure: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         where A and D are independently chosen from —H, —CH3, —CH2CH3, —CH2CH2CH3, —CH2OH, —CH2COOH, —CH2CH2COOH, —CH2CH(CH3)COOH, —CH2PO(OH)2, —CH2O(CH2CH2O) n —(CH2CH(CH3)O) m —(CH2CH(CH2CH3)O) q H, —(CH2CH2CH2NH) n H, —CH2O(CH2CH2CH2NH) n H; G is chosen from —OH, —O(CH2CH2O) n —(CH2CH(CH3)O)—(CH2CH(CH2CH3)O) q H, —O(CH2CH2CH2NH) n H; E is chosen from —H, alkyl, saturated or unsaturated, branched or linear, cyclic or acyclic with from 1-22 carbons; n, m and q are integers. 
       
     
     
         5 ) The fuel additive of  claim 4  where A and D are independently chosen from —H, —CH3, —CH2CH3, —CH2CH2CH3, —CH2OH, —CH2COOH, —CH2CH2COOH, —CH2CH(CH3)COOH, —CH2PO(OH)2, —CH2O(CH2CH2O) n —(CH2CH(CH3)O) m —(CH2CH(CH2CH3)O) q H, —(CH2CH2CH2NH) n H, —CH2O(CH2CH2CH2NH) m H; G is chosen from —OH, —O(CH2CH2O) n —(CH2CH(CH3)O)—(CH2CH(CH2CH3)O) q H, —O(CH2CH2CH2NH) n H; E is alkyl, saturated or unsaturated, branched or linear, cyclic or acyclic with from 6-22 carbons. n, m and q are integers.