Liquid formulations, processes for their manufacture, and use of such liquid formulations

Abstract

A liquid formulation is provided. The liquid formulation contains at least one aprotic organic solvent, at least one lithium salt, at least 1.5% by weight of a compound of formula (I) based on a total weight of the liquid formulation, essentially no 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene, and optionally at least one additive other than (C): where R 1 is C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, phenyl, or 2- and 4-pyridyl, which may be substituted with one or more moieties of F, CN, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl and CF 3 ; each R 2 is independently C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, CN, or fluorine; a is a number of from zero to four; and X is O—SO 2 —R 1 or hydrogen.

1 : A liquid formulation, comprising
 (A) at least one aprotic organic solvent,   (B) at least one lithium salt,   (C) at least 1.5% by weight of one compound of formula (I), based on a total weight of the liquid formulation:   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein: 
         R 1  is C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, phenyl, or 2- and 4-pyridyl, which is non-substituted or substituted with one or more moieties selected from the group consisting of F, CN, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl and CF 3 , 
         R 2  are each independently selected from the group consisting of C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, CN, and fluorine, 
         a is a number of from zero to four, 
         X is O—SO 2 —R 1  or hydrogen, 
         (D) zero to 0.01% by weight of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene, based on the total weight of the liquid formulation, 
         (E) and, optionally, at least one additive other than (C). 
       
     
     
         2 : The liquid formulation according  claim 1 , wherein a is zero. 
     
     
         3 : The liquid formulation according to  claim 1 , wherein R 1  is CH 3 . 
     
     
         4 : The liquid formulation according to  claim 1 , wherein the at least one aprotic solvent (A) is at least one organic carbonate. 
     
     
         5 : The liquid formulation according to  claim 1 , comprising the at least one additive (E), which is selected from the group consisting of an organic phosphate, an organic phosphonate, an organic sultone, and LiBOB. 
     
     
         6 : The liquid formulations according to  claim 1 , wherein X is hydrogen. 
     
     
         7 : The liquid formulation according to  claim 1 , comprising
 in total 0.1 to 25% by weight of the at least one lithium salt (B),   in total 1.5 to 10% of the compound (C) of formula (1), and   zero to in total 30% of the least one additive (E),   based on the total weight of the liquid formulation.   
     
     
         8 : A method for manufacturing an electrochemical cell, the method comprising:
 introducing the liquid formation according to  claim 1  into the electrochemical cell.   
     
     
         9 : An electrochemical cell, comprising
 (a) one cathode   (b) one anode,   (c) a separator, and   (d) an electrolyte comprising the liquid formulation according to  claim 1 .   
     
     
         10 : The electrochemical cell according to  claim 9 , wherein the cathode (a) contains at least one cathode active material selected from the group consisting of LiCoO 2 , lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide, and layered lithiated nickel-cobalt-manganese oxide.