Heat Transfer Fluids, Systems, Efficiencies and Methods

Abstract

Heat transfer compositions, methods, efficiencies, and systems are disclosed. The compositions have four or more heat transfer components/constituents that have been selected such that the compositions provide an operating performance and energy efficiency that are comparable to, or better than, the performance of R22 and currently available R22 replacements. The four or more constituents have sequenced boiling temperatures that work together to extend the phase change, thereby elongating the heat absorption phase and increasing efficiency. In some embodiments the heat transfer constituents include 15-25% by weight R32, 1-5% by weight R125, 50-70% by weight R134a, and 10-20% by weight R227ea. The compositions may also include 0.5-3.5% by weight R236.

What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . A heat transfer composition for a heat transfer system, comprising R32 and at least second, third, and fourth additional constituents, wherein:
 a) the second additional constituent boils at between −55° C. and −35° C. at 14.696 PSIA;   b) the third additional constituent boils at between −40° C. and −20° C. at 14.696 PSIA; and   c) the fourth additional constituent boils at between −25° C. and −5° C. at 14.696 PSIA.   
     
     
         2 . The heat transfer composition of  claim 1 , wherein at least one of the second, third, and fourth additional constituents is selected from the group consisting of R125, R134a, R227ea, and R236. 
     
     
         3 . The heat transfer composition of  claim 1 , wherein at least two of the second, third, and fourth additional constituents are selected from the group consisting of R125, R134a, R227ea, and R236. 
     
     
         4 . The heat transfer composition of  claim 1 , wherein the second, third, and fourth additional constituents are each selected from the group consisting of R125, R134a, R227ea, and R236. 
     
     
         5 . The heat transfer composition of  claim 1 , wherein the second, third, and fourth additional constituents are R125, R134a and R227ea, respectively. 
     
     
         6 . The heat transfer composition of  claim 4 , further comprising a fifth additional constituent that boils at between −10° C. and 10° C. at 14.696 PSIA. (R236). 
     
     
         7 . The heat transfer composition of  claim 6 , wherein:
 a) the second additional constituent comprises R125 present in an amount of 1-5% by weight;   b) the third additional constituent comprises R134a present in an amount of 50-70% by weight;   c) the fourth additional constituent comprises R227ea present in an amount of 10-20% by weight; and   d) the fifth additional constituent comprises R236fa present in an amount of 0.5-3.5% by weight.   
     
     
         8 . The heat transfer composition of  claim 6 , wherein the fifth constituent has a high bond polarity. 
     
     
         9 . The heat transfer composition of  claim 6 , wherein the fifth constituent has a stronger dipole moment than each of R32, the second constituent, the third constituent, and the fourth constituent. 
     
     
         10 . A heat transfer composition for a heat transfer system, comprising R32 and at least second, third, and fourth additional constituents, wherein at a temperature of 0° C.:
 a) the second additional constituent has a partial pressure of between 73 PSIG and 93 PSIG; 
 b) the third additional constituent has a partial pressure of between 18 PSIG and 38 PSIG; and 
 c) the fourth additional constituent has a partial pressure of between 4 PSIG and 24 PSIG. 
 
     
     
         11 . The heat transfer composition of  claim 10 , wherein at a temperature of 10° C.:
 a) the second additional constituent has a partial pressure of between 107 PSIG and 127 PSIG; 
 b) the third additional constituent has a partial pressure of between 35 PSIG and 55 PSIG; and 
 c) the fourth additional constituent has a partial pressure of between 16 PSIG and 36 PSIG. 
 
     
     
         12 . The heat transfer composition of  claim 11 , wherein at a temperature of 35° C.:
 a) the second additional constituent has a partial pressure of between 233 PSIG and 253 PSIG; 
 b) the third additional constituent has a partial pressure of between 104 PSIG and 124 PSIG; and 
 c) the fourth additional constituent has a partial pressure of between 64 PSIG and 84 PSIG. 
 
     
     
         13 . The heat transfer composition of  claim 12 , further comprising a fifth additional constituent that has a partial pressure of between 0 PSIG and 4 PSIG at 0° C., 6 PSIG and 10 PSIG at 10° C., and 30 PSIG and 50 PSIG at 35° C. 
     
     
         14 . The heat transfer composition of  claim 10 , further comprising less than 5% by weight of R125a. 
     
     
         15 . The heat transfer composition of  claim 10 , further comprising less than 70% by weight of R134a. 
     
     
         16 . The heat transfer composition of  claim 10 , further comprising less than 20% by weight of R227ea. 
     
     
         17 . The heat transfer composition of  claim 10 , further comprising less than 3.5% by weight of a component other than R134a, R125, R227ea, and R236. 
     
     
         18 . A heat transfer composition for a heat transfer system, comprising:
 R32 present in an amount of 15-25% by weight;   a plurality of additional constituents comprising at least second, third, and fourth additional constituents that have sequential boiling temperatures at 14.696 PSIA; and   a constituent present in an amount of less than 5% and having a higher boiling temperature than the second, third, and fourth additional at 14.696 PSIA, wherein the constituent is selected to extend the liquid-to-gas phase change time of the composition.   
     
     
         19 . The heat transfer composition of  claim 18 , wherein the constituent is R236.