Non-Invasive Analyte Detection System With Modulation Source

Abstract

A system for modulating a response signal includes functionalized particles configured to interact with target analytes, a detector configured to detect an analyte response signal transmitted from the body, a modulation source configured to modulate the analyte response signal, and a processor configured to non-invasively detect the one or more target analytes by differentiating the analyte response signal from a background signal, at least in part, based on the modulation. The analyte response signal is related to the interaction of the target analytes with the functionalized particles. In some examples, the system may also include magnetic particles and a magnetic field source sufficient to distribute the magnetic particles into a spatial arrangement in the body. The analyte response signal may be differentiated from the background signal, at least in part, based on modulation of the signals due, at least in part, to the spatial arrangement of the magnetic particles.

1 . A system, comprising:
 functionalized particles, wherein the functionalized particles are configured to interact with one or more target analytes present in an environment;   a detector configured to detect an analyte response signal transmitted from the environment, wherein the analyte response signal is related to interaction of the one or more target analytes with the functionalized particles;   a modulation source configured to modulate the analyte response signal; and   a processor configured to non-invasively detect the one or more target analytes by differentiating the analyte response signal from an unbound particle signal transmitted by functionalized particles that are not interacting with the one or more target analytes, at least in part, based on the modulation.   
     
     
         2 . The system of  claim 1 , further comprising a wearable device having a mount configured to mount the wearable device to an external surface of the environment, wherein the detector is mounted on the wearable device. 
     
     
         3 . The system of  claim 2 , wherein at least a portion of the modulation source is mounted on said wearable device. 
     
     
         4 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein said modulation source is configured modulate the analyte response signal differently than the unbound particle signal. 
     
     
         5 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein the processor is further configured to differentiate the analyte response signal from a background signal. 
     
     
         6 . The system of  claim 5 , wherein the modulation source is configured to modulate the analyte response signal differently than the background signal. 
     
     
         7 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein the modulation source is configured to alter the response signal by spatially modulating the functionalized particles that are interacting with the one or more target analytes. 
     
     
         8 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein the modulation source is configured to alter one or more properties of the functionalized particles that are interacting with the one or more target analytes. 
     
     
         9 . The system of  claim 8 , wherein the one or more properties of the functionalized particles comprises one or more of: optical properties, magnetic properties, electric properties, thermal properties, acoustic properties, and physical properties. 
     
     
         10 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein the modulation source is configured to alter the response signal by modulating an interrogation signal directed into the body. 
     
     
         11 . The system of  claim 1 , further comprising an interrogating signal source, the analyte response signal being transmitted in response to the interrogating signal. 
     
     
         12 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein the environment comprises a fluid conduit. 
     
     
         13 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein the environment comprises a fluid reservoir. 
     
     
         14 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein the environment comprises a living body. 
     
     
         15 . The system of  claim 14 , wherein the functionalized particles are configured to interact with one or more target analytes present in the living body. 
     
     
         16 . The system of  claim 14 , wherein the functionalized particles are present in a body fluid comprising blood, tear fluid, urine, lymph, cerebrospinal fluid, or mucus. 
     
     
         17 . The system of  claim 16 , wherein the functionalized particles are configured to interact with one or more target analytes present in the body fluid. 
     
     
         18 . The system of  claim 15 , wherein the functionalized particles are embedded in skin or tissue of the body. 
     
     
         19 . The system of  claim 17 , wherein the functionalized particles are configured to interact with one or more target analytes present in the skin or tissue of the living body. 
     
     
         20 - 29 . (canceled)