Fluid component analysis systems and methods for glucose monitoring and control

Abstract

Disclosed are methods and apparatus for determining analyte concentration in a sample such as bodily fluid. Systems and methods disclosed herein can also include a treatment dosing system to infuse or inject a treatment drug (e.g., insulin or glucose) and provide glycemic control. The dose of the treatment drug may be based on the concentration of the analyte or the average value for the concentration of the analyte and/or the rate of change of the value of the concentration of the analyte.

1 .- 53 . (canceled) 
     
     
         54 . A combined glucose monitoring and adjustment system comprising:
 a fluid control device with pumps, valves, and fluid passageways configured to automatically draw fluid from a patient multiple times per hour and deliver a portion of that fluid to an analyte monitoring system each time;   the analyte monitoring system comprising an optical glucose meter configured to irradiate the fluid or a portion thereof and detect secondary radiation, either transmitted or reflected, and determine, based on that secondary radiation, a concentration of glucose in the fluid; and   a glucose adjustment system comprising:
 a repository of a treatment substance selected from the group consisting of insulin and a sugar; 
 a pump configured to adjust the level of glucose in the patient by infusing insulin and/or sugar; and 
 a controller configured to control the pump and provide signals to the pump multiple times per hour, including signals to automatically stop infusion of insulin if determination of concentration of glucose is below a first threshold. 
   
     
     
         55 . The analyte detection system of  claim 54 , wherein the body fluid analyzer is configured for calibration no more than twice per day. 
     
     
         56 . The analyte detection system of  claim 54 , wherein the body fluid analyzer is configured for calibration no more than once per day. 
     
     
         57 . The analyte detection system of  claim 54 , wherein the body fluid analyzer is configured for calibration no more than once every 36 hours. 
     
     
         58 . The analyte detection system of  claim 54 , wherein the body fluid analyzer is configured for calibration no more than once every two days. 
     
     
         59 . The analyte detection system of  claim 54 , wherein the body fluid analyzer is configured for calibration no more than once every three days. 
     
     
         60 . The analyte detection system of  claim 54 , further comprising a treatment dosing system configured to determine a dose of insulin and/or sugar to be infused based on one or more determinations of concentration of glucose. 
     
     
         61 . The analyte detection system of  claim 60 , wherein the treatment dosing system is configured to compare a determination of concentration of glucose with a target glucose concentration to determine a dose of insulin and/or sugar to be infused. 
     
     
         62 . The analyte detection system of  claim 60 , wherein the treatment dosing system is configured to determine a dose of insulin and/or sugar to be infused based on at least one of: the patient's medical conditions and medical history, an effectiveness of the dose, presence or absence of other analytes in the fluid or other medications being administered. 
     
     
         63 . The analyte detection system of  claim 54 , wherein the controller is further configured to provide signals to the pump or a second pump to infuse an increased amount of sugar if determination of concentration of glucose is below the first threshold. 
     
     
         64 . A method of glucose monitoring and adjusting a level of glucose comprising:
 automatically withdrawing fluid from a patient multiple times per hour and delivering a portion of the withdrawn fluid each time to an analyte monitoring system via a fluid control device with pumps, valves, and fluid passageways;   determining a concentration of glucose in the fluid using a glucose meter   adjusting an amount of glucose in the fluid using a glucose adjustment system comprising:
 a repository of a treatment substance selected from the group consisting of insulin and a sugar; 
 a pump configured to adjust the level of glucose in the patient by infusing insulin and/or sugar; and 
 a controller configured to control the pump; and 
   providing signals to the pump multiple times per hour, including signals to automatically stop infusion of insulin if determination of concentration of glucose is below a first threshold.   
     
     
         65 . The method of  claim 64 , further comprising determining a dose of insulin and/or sugar to be infused based on one or more determinations of concentration of glucose. 
     
     
         66 . The method of  claim 65 , wherein the dose of insulin and/or sugar to be infused is determined by comparing a determination of concentration of glucose with a target glucose concentration to determine. 
     
     
         67 . The method of  claim 65 , wherein the dose of insulin and/or sugar to be infused is determined based on at least one of: the patient's medical conditions and medical history, an effectiveness of the dose, presence or absence of other analytes in the fluid or other medications being administered. 
     
     
         68 . The method of  claim 64 , further comprising providing signals to the pump or a second pump to infuse an increased amount of sugar if determination of concentration of glucose is below the first threshold. 
     
     
         69 . The method of  claim 64 , wherein determining concentration of glucose in the fluid comprises directing an optical radiation towards the fluid or a portion thereof and detecting secondary radiation, either transmitted or reflected.