Method of lubricating an internal combustion engine

Abstract

The invention relates to a method of lubricating an internal combustion engine comprising supplying to the engine a lubricating composition comprising: an oil of lubricating viscosity, 2.3 wt % to 4 wt % of a dispersant package, wherein the dispersant package comprises: a borated succinimide dispersant obtainable by an “ene” reaction of a polyalkylene with an acylating agent to form an intermediate, reacting the intermediate with an aminoalcohol or amine to form a dispersant, and reacting the dispersant with a borating agent to form a borated succinimide dispersant; and a non-borated succinimide dispersant obtained by a “Diels-Alder” reaction. The ratio of non-borated succinimide dispersant to borated succinimide dispersant is 90:10 to 20:80, and the borated succinimide has 0.2 wt % to 1.3 wt % boron on an oil-free basis of the dispersant.

1 - 23 . (canceled) 
     
     
         24 . A method of lubricating an internal combustion engine comprising supplying to the engine a lubricating composition comprising:
 an oil of lubricating viscosity,   2.3 wt % to 4 wt % of a dispersant package, wherein the dispersant package comprises:
 a borated succinimide dispersant, wherein the borated succinimide dispersant is obtained by an “ene” reaction of a polyalkylene with an acylating agent to form an intermediate, reacting the intermediate with an aminoalcohol or amine to form a dispersant, and reacting the dispersant with a borating agent to form a borated succinimide dispersant; and 
 a non-borated succinimide dispersant, wherein the non-borated succinimide dispersant is obtained by a “Diels-Alder” reaction of a polyalkylene with an acylating agent to form an intermediate, and reacting the intermediate with an aminoalcohol or amine to form a non-borated succinimide dispersant, 
   
       wherein
 the ratio of non-borated succinimide dispersant to borated succinimide dispersant is 90:10 to 20:80, and 
 the borated succinimide dispersant has 0.2 wt % to 1.3 wt % boron on an oil-free basis of the borated succinimide dispersant. 
 
     
     
         25 . The method of  claim 24 , wherein the borated succinimide dispersant has 0.35 wt % to 0.95 wt % boron on an oil-free basis of the borated succinimide dispersant. 
     
     
         26 . The method of  claim 25 , wherein the borated succinimide has 0.4 wt % to 0.6 wt % boron on an oil-free basis of the dispersant. 
     
     
         27 . The method of claim  1 , wherein the borating agent comprises boric acid (including metaboric acid, HBO 2 , orthoboric acid, H 3 BO 3 , and tetraboric acid, H 2 B 4 O 7 ), boric oxide, boron trioxide, and alkyl borates, such as those of the formula (RO) x B(OH) y  wherein x is 1 to 3 and y is 0 to 2, the sum of x and y being 3, and where R is an alkyl group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms. 
     
     
         28 . The method of  claim 27 , wherein the borating agent is boric acid. 
     
     
         29 . The method of claim  1 , wherein the dispersant package is present at 2.5 wt % to 3 wt % of the lubricating composition. 
     
     
         30 . The method of claim  1 , wherein the amine comprises an aliphatic polyamine, or mixtures thereof. 
     
     
         31 . The method of  claim 30 , wherein the aliphatic polyamine is selected from the group consisting of ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, pentaethylenehexamine, polyamine still bottoms, and mixtures thereof. 
     
     
         32 . The method of claim  1 , wherein the ratio of non-borated dispersant to borated dispersant is 85:15 to 60:40. 
     
     
         33 . The method of claim  1 , wherein the acylating agent comprises maleic anhydride. 
     
     
         34 . The method of claim  1 , wherein the polyalkylene comprises polyisobutylene having a number average molecular weight of 1550 to 2350. 
     
     
         35 . The method of claim  1 , wherein the ratio of polyalkylene to acylating agent of the borated succinimide dispersant is 1:1.05 to 1:2. 
     
     
         36 . The method of claim  1 , wherein the ratio of polyalkylene to acylating agent of the non-borated succinimide dispersant is 1:1.05 to 1:2. 
     
     
         37 . The method of claim  1 , wherein the borated succinimide dispersant has an N:CO ratio on a equivalents basis of 0.5:1 to 1:1. 
     
     
         38 . The method of claim  1 , wherein the non-borated succinimide dispersant has an N:CO ratio on a equivalents basis of 0.5:1 to 1:1. 
     
     
         39 . The method of claim  1 , wherein the lubricating composition has a SAE viscosity grade of XW-Y, wherein X is 0, 5, 10, or 15; and Y is 16, 20, 30, or 40. 
     
     
         40 . The method of claim  1 , wherein the lubricating composition has (i) a sulphur content of 0.5 wt % or less, (ii) a phosphorus content of 0.1 wt % or less, and (iii) a sulphated ash content of 1.5 wt % or less. 
     
     
         41 . The method of claim  1 , wherein the internal combustion engine is a spark-ignited internal combustion engine. 
     
     
         42 . The method of  claim 42 , wherein the internal combustion engine is gasoline-fueled. 
     
     
         43 . A method of lubricating an internal combustion engine comprising supplying to the engine a lubricating composition comprising:
 an oil of lubricating viscosity,   2.3 wt % to 4 wt % of a dispersant package, wherein the dispersant package comprises:
 a borated succinimide dispersant, wherein the borated succinimide dispersant comprises a non-cyclic linkage between a polyalkylene and an acylating agent, 
 a non-borated succinimide dispersant, wherein the non-borated succinimide dispersant comprises a carbocyclic linkage between a polyalkylene and an acylating agent, 
   
       wherein
 the ratio of non-borated succinimide dispersant to borated succinimide dispersant is 90:10 to 20:80, and 
 the borated succinimide dispersant has 0.2 wt % to 1.3 wt % boron on an oil-free basis of the borated succinimide dispersant. 
 
     
     
         44 . A lubricating composition comprising:
 an oil of lubricating viscosity,   2.3 wt % to 4 wt % of a dispersant package, wherein the dispersant package comprises:
 a borated succinimide dispersant, wherein the borated succinimide dispersant comprises a non-cyclic linkage between a polyalkylene and an acylating agent, 
 a non-borated succinimide dispersant, wherein the non-borated succinimide dispersant comprises a carbocyclic linkage between a polyalkylene and an acylating agent, 
   
       wherein
 the ratio of non-borated succinimide dispersant to borated succinimide dispersant is 90:10 to 20:80, 
 the borated succinimide has 0.2 wt % to 1.3 wt % boron on an oil-free basis of the dispersant, and 
 the lubricating composition is characterized as having (i) a sulphur content of 0.5 wt % or less, (ii) a phosphorus content of 0.1 wt % or less, and (iii) a sulphated ash content of 1.5 wt % or less. 
 
     
     
         45 . The lubricating composition of  claim 44 , wherein:
 the borated succinimide dispersant is obtained by an “ene” reaction of a polyalkylene with an acylating agent to form an intermediate, reacting the intermediate with an aminoalcohol or amine to form a dispersant, and reacting the dispersant with a borating agent to form a borated succinimide dispersant; and   the non-borated succinimide dispersant is obtained/obtainable by a “Diels-Alder” reaction of a polyalkylene with an acylating agent to form an intermediate, and reacting the intermediate with an aminoalcohol or amine to form a non-borated succinimide dispersant.   
     
     
         46 . The lubricating composition of  claim 44 , wherein the borated succinimide dispersant has 0.35 wt % to 0.95 wt % boron on an oil-free basis of the borated succinimide dispersant. 
     
     
         47 . The lubricating composition of  claim 44 , wherein the borating agent comprises boric acid (including metaboric acid, HBO 2 , orthoboric acid, H 3 BO 3 , and tetraboric acid, H 2 B 4 O 7 ), boric oxide, boron trioxide, and alkyl borates, such as those of the formula (RO) x B(OH) y  wherein x is 1 to 3 and y is 0 to 2, the sum of x and y being 3, and where R is an alkyl group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms. 
     
     
         48 . The lubricating composition of  claim 44 , wherein the dispersant package is present at 2.5 wt % to 3 wt % of the lubricating composition. 
     
     
         49 . The lubricating composition of  claim 44 , wherein the amine comprises an aliphatic polyamine, or mixtures thereof. 
     
     
         50 . The lubricating composition of  claim 49 , wherein the aliphatic polyamine is selected from the group consisting of ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, pentaethylenehexamine, polyamine still bottoms, and mixtures thereof. 
     
     
         51 . The lubricating composition of  claim 44 , wherein the ratio of non-borated dispersant to borated dispersant is 85:15 to 60:40.