Method of continuous production of liquid and gaseous fuels from the part of organic substances in the waste

Abstract

Method of continuous production of liquid and gaseous fuels from the part of organic substances in the waste, in particular in the industrial, agricultural and municipal waste, including their mixtures, consists in thermic decomposition of these wastes into fuels—usable low-molecular hydrocarbons, as well as other residual inorganic or other parts intended for recycling or to any landfill, where the treated waste with a content of organic substances, especially in the form of paper, plastics, rubber, including non-crushed used tires, wooden elements, sawdust, rests of meals and fats, and their packaging, in a hermetically sealed reaction space with non-access of air thermically decomposes by the heated gaseous inert medium. By the influence of the electrostatic charge, resulting from the decomposition of organic, in particular polymeric substances, pass from them decomposed low-molecular substances in the form of hydrocarbons altogether in the mixture with gaseous inert medium as the carrier gas in the aerosol, which is then further conducted to its cooling, precipitation and the mutual separation in it contained gaseous, and liquid low-molecular hydrocarbons. After the decomposition of all of the parts of organic substances from the hermetically closed reaction space, all the residual inorganic or other parts of the processed waste are gradually being removed.

1 . A method of continuous production of liquid and gaseous fuels from organic substances in waste, the method comprising:
 thermally decomposing the waste with a heated gaseous inert medium in a hermetically sealed reaction space with non-access of air into an aerosol comprising the gaseous inert medium and a fuel comprising hydrocarbons and other residual inorganic material, wherein the decomposing occurs in the presence of an electrostatic charge, wherein the waste comprises paper, plastics, rubber, wooden elements, sawdust, food waste, food packaging, or mixtures thereof, wherein the waste comprises industrial waste, agricultural waste, municipal waste, or mixtures thereof;   cooling the aerosol to form a cooled aerosol;   precipitating the cooled aerosol to form a precipitated aerosol;   separating gaseous hydrocarbons and liquid hydrocarbons from the precipitated aerosol; and   removing the other residual inorganic material from the hermetically sealed reaction space.   
     
     
         2 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the flow of the gaseous inert medium through the hermetically sealed reaction space is carried out by decreasing the pressure at the outlet from the hermetically sealed reaction space, where by a controlled decrease of the temperature gradient towards the outlet of the hermetically sealed reaction space is provided. 
     
     
         3 . The method of  claim 2 , wherein the reduction of the pressure at the outlet of the hermetically sealed reaction space is carried out to the value of the negative pressure of 0.01 to 0.03 MPa to thereby provide a flow rate of the gaseous inert medium in the hermetically sealed reaction space in the range of 0. 001 to 0.02 m/s and a temperature gradient of 100 to 350 K/m. 
     
     
         4 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the inert gaseous medium contains 50 to 85% of nitrogen, 13 to 25% of carbon dioxide and 1 to 5% of carbon monoxide by volume, with the remaining volume comprising a superheated water steam. 
     
     
         5 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the quantity of the gaseous inert medium varies in the amount of 0.2 to 3 m 3 /kg of processed waste, wherein the gaseous inert medium contacts the waste for a period from 10 to 80 seconds. 
     
     
         6 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the thermally decomposing step comprises five successive stages comprising a first stage, a second stage, a third stage, a fourth stage, and a fifth stage, wherein the first stage comprises providing the gaseous inert medium for the reaction at an input temperature of 300 to 900° C., wherein the second stage comprises flowing the gaseous inert medium in the reaction space against the direction in which the waste is being processed wherein the third stage comprises the cooling step, wherein the cooling step comprises cooling the aerosol to a temperature below 20° C., wherein the fourth stage comprises the separating step, wherein the separating step further comprises separating the gaseous hydrocarbons from the liquid hydrocarbons, wherein the fifth stage comprises liquefying the gaseous hydrocarbons by either:
 (a) cooling the gaseous hydrocarbons at a temperature below −40° C. or 
 (b) compressing the gaseous hydrocarbons at pressures of 0.5 to 4 MPa.