Fast pyrolysis reactor for organic biomass materials with against flow injection of hot gases

Abstract

The main purpose of the invention is a fast pyrolysis reactor ( 1 ) with entrained flow of biomass organic particles ( 2 ), comprising a reaction chamber ( 3 ), a device ( 4 ) for injection of particles ( 2 ) in the upper part ( 3 a ) of the reaction chamber ( 3 ), to form a flow (FG) of particles ( 2 ) dropping by gravity, an evacuation duct ( 5 ) for products originating from the pyrolysis reaction present in the reaction chamber ( 3 ), characterized in that it also comprises a counter current hot neutral gases injection duct 6 in the lower part ( 3 b ) of the reaction chamber ( 3 ) making it possible to form a counter current flow (FG) of hot neutral gases coming into contact with the flow (FG) of particles ( 2 ) dropping by gravity, the temperature of the hot neutral gases being between 500 and 600° C., and the diameter of the particles ( 2 ) being between 200 μm and 1 mm.

1 - 16 . (canceled) 
     
     
         17 . A fast pyrolysis reactor with an entrained flow of biomass organic particles, the fast pyrolysis reactor comprising:
 a tubular reaction chamber in which a pyrolysis reaction of particles takes place, comprising an upper part and a lower part opposite the upper part,   a device for injection of particles in the upper part of the tubular reaction chamber, to form a flow of particles dropping by gravity in the tubular reaction chamber,   an evacuation duct for products, comprising gases and pyrolyzed particles, originating from the pyrolysis reaction and present in the tubular reaction chamber, and   a counter current hot neutral gases injection duct in the lower part of the tubular reaction chamber to form a counter current flow of hot neutral gases coming into contact with the flow of particles dropping by gravity, so as to generate a fast pyrolysis reaction of the particles, a temperature of the hot neutral gases being between 500 and 600° C., and a diameter of the particles being between 200 μm and 1 mm.   
     
     
         18 . The fast pyrolysis reactor according to  claim 17 , wherein the evacuation duct opens up in the upper part of the tubular reaction chamber to evacuate products derived from the pyrolysis reaction in the tubular reaction chamber, since the products migrate to the upper part of the tubular reaction chamber. 
     
     
         19 . The fast pyrolysis reactor according to  claim 17 , wherein the diameter of the particles is between 200 μm and 800 μm. 
     
     
         20 . The fast pyrolysis reactor according to  claim 17 , wherein the device for injection of particles comprises:
 a reservoir of particles, comprising particles and located outside the tubular reaction chamber,   a tubular injector of particles located in the upper part of the tubular reaction chamber, and   means of transporting particles originating from the reservoir to the tubular injector.   
     
     
         21 . The fast pyrolysis reactor according to  claim 20 , wherein a diameter of the tubular injector is less than a diameter of the tubular reaction chamber. 
     
     
         22 . The fast pyrolysis reactor according to  claim 20 , wherein the means of transporting the particles comprise a worm screw system or a vibrating belt system. 
     
     
         23 . The fast pyrolysis reactor according to  claim 17 , further comprising:
 means of injecting an entrainment gas in the upper part of the tubular reaction chamber, to improve the injection of particles into the tubular reaction chamber.   
     
     
         24 . An installation for fast pyrolysis of biomass organic particles, comprising:
 the fast pyrolysis reactor according to  claim 17 ,   a burner upstream from the fast pyrolysis reactor, configured to produce hot neutral gases circulating in the counter current hot neutral gases injection duct,   a separator downstream from the fast pyrolysis reactor, configured to enable separation of pyrolytic coke and a flow of condensable and incondensable gases, and   a condenser downstream from the separator, configured to enable separation of pyrolytic oil and the flow of incondensable gases.   
     
     
         25 . The installation according to  claim 24 , further comprising:
 means of injection of a first part of an incondensable gases flow output from the condenser into a boiler after heating by combustion of the first part of the incondensable gases flow.   
     
     
         26 . The installation according to  claim 24 , further comprising:
 means of injecting a second part of an incondensable gases flow output from the condenser to a heat exchanger of the burner to form the hot neutral gases circulating in the counter current hot neutral gases injection duct, heat being produced from the burner supplied by a first part of the incondensable gases flow.   
     
     
         27 . A process for fast pyrolysis of biomass organic particles in the fast pyrolysis reactor according to  claim 17 , the process comprising:
 counter current injecting hot neutral gases into the tubular reaction chamber of the fast pyrolysis reactor in a direction opposite to a direction of particles dropping by gravity, on which the fast pyrolysis reaction takes place.   
     
     
         28 . The process according to  claim 27 , further comprising:
 heating hot neutral gases circulating in the counter current hot neutral gases injection duct and/or   forming the hot neutral gases circulating in the counter current hot neutral gases injection duct,   with an incondensable gases output from the condenser,   wherein the process is implemented with a fast pyrolysis installation and the fast pyrolysis installation comprises:   the fast pyrolysis reactor;   a burner upstream from the fast pyrolysis reactor, configured to produce hot neutral gasses circulating in the counter current hot neutral gases injection duct,   a separator downstream from the fast pyrolysis reactor, configured to enable separation of pyrolytic coke and a flow of condensable and incondensable gases; and   a condenser downstream from the separator, configured to enable separation of pyrolytic oil and the flow of incondensable gases.   
     
     
         29 . The process according to  claim 27 , further comprising:
 injecting an entrainment gas into the tubular reaction chamber of the fast pyrolysis reactor, to improve injection of particles into the tubular reaction chamber.   
     
     
         30 . The process according to  claim 27 , further comprising:
 adding heat with pyrolytic coke as fuel.   
     
     
         31 . The process according to  claim 27 , further comprising:
 placing a heat exchanger between the separator and the condenser to enable heat recovery.   
     
     
         32 . The process according to  claim 27 , further comprising:
 producing a fuel with pyrolytic coke mixed with pyrolytic oil.