Compositions containing fluorine substituted olefins

Abstract

Various uses of fluorinated alkenes, particularly HFO-1234 and HFCO-1233zd in a variety of applications, including refrigeration, foams, blowing agents, aerosols, propellants, solvent compositions, fire extinguishing and suppressing agents, extraction agents and catalyst deposition are disclosed.

What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . A composition comprising:
 (a) at least a first fluoroalkene selected from Formula IA or Formula II below:
   CF w H 2-w ═CR—CF z R 3-z   (IA)
 
   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       where
 each R is independently Cl, F, Br, I or H, provided that in Formula (II) at least one R is chlorine, 
 w is 1 or 2, 
 z is 1 or 2, 
 R′ is (CR 2 ) n Y, 
 Y is CRF 2    
 and n is 0, 1, 2 or 3, provided that if Br is present in the compound then the compound includes no hydrogen; and
 (b) at least one additional component selected from the group consisting of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), ethers, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, methyl formate, formic acid, water, trans-1,2-dichloroethylene, carbon dioxide, dimethoxymethane (DME), a second fluoroalkene different than said first fluoroalkene and combinations of any two or more of these. 
 
 
     
     
         2 . A blowing agent comprising the composition of  claim 1 . 
     
     
         3 . The blowing agent of  claim 2  wherein said first fluoroalkene is 1,1,1,trifluoro,3-chloro-propene (HFCO-1233zd). 
     
     
         4 . The blowing agent of  claim 2  wherein said first fluoroalkene comprises trans-1,1,1,trifluoro,3-chloro-propene (transHFCO-1233zd). 
     
     
         5 . The blowing agent of  claim 2  wherein said first fluoroalkene comprises cis-1,1,1,trifluoro,3-chloro-propene (cisHFCO-1233zd). 
     
     
         6 . The blowing agent of  claim 3  wherein said at least one additional component comprises from about 50% to about 85% by weight of at least one hydrocarbon selected from the group consisting of iso-pentane, normal-pentane, cyclo-pentane, butane and iso-butane and combinations of these. 
     
     
         7 . The blowing agent of  claim 3  wherein said HFCO-1233zd is present in the composition in an amount of from about 20% by weight to about 90% by weight of the composition, and wherein said at least one additional component comprises from about 50% to about 85% by weight of at least one hydrocarbon selected from the group consisting of iso-pentane, normal-pentane, cyclo-pentane, butane and iso-butane and combinations of these. 
     
     
         8 . The blowing agent of  claim 3  wherein said at least one additional component comprises 2-ethyl-1-hexanol. 
     
     
         9 . The blowing agent of  claim 3  wherein said at least one additional component comprises trans-1,2 dicchloroethylene. 
     
     
         10 . The blowing agent of  claim 3  wherein said at least one additional component comprises dimethoxymethane. 
     
     
         11 . The blowing agent of  claim 3  wherein said HFCO-1233zd is present in the composition in an amount of from about 5% by weight to about 95% by weight of the composition, and wherein said at least one additional component comprises from about 5% to about 95% by weight of the composition. 
     
     
         12 . An aerosol comprising the composition of  claim 1 . 
     
     
         13 . The aerosol of  claim 12  wherein said first fluoroalkene is 1,1,1,trifluoro,3-chloro-propene (HFCO-1233zd) and wherein said at least one additional component comprises at least one fluoroalkene, or at least one HFC, or trans-1,2-dichloroethylene, or combinations of two or more of these. 
     
     
         14 . A solvent composition comprising the composition of  claim 1 . 
     
     
         15 . The solvent of  claim 14  wherein said first fluoroalkene is 1,1,1,trifluoro,3-chloro-propene (HFCO-1233zd) and wherein said at least one additional component comprises at least one fluoroalkene, or at least one HFC, or trans-1,2-dichloroethylene, or combinations of two or more of these. 
     
     
         16 . The solvent of  claim 14  wherein said at least one additional component comprises at least trans-1,2-dichloroethylene 
     
     
         17 . The solvent of  claim 14  wherein said at least one additional component comprises at least one C1-C4 alcohol. 
     
     
         18 . The blowing agent of  claim 2  wherein said first fluoroalkene comprises a combination of trans-1,1,1,trifluoro,3-chloro-propene (transHFCO-1233zd) and cis-1,1,1,trifluoro,3-chloro-propene (cisHFCO-1233zd) in a cis:trans weight ratio of from about 30:70 to about 5:95. 
     
     
         19 . The blowing agent of  claim 3  wherein said at least one additional component comprises water. 
     
     
         20 . The blowing agent of  claim 3  wherein said at least one additional component comprises CO 2 . 
     
     
         21 . A composition comprising:
 (a) at least one fluoroalkene of Formula IA:
   CF w H 2-w ═CR—CF z R 3-z   (IA)
 
   where each R is independently Cl, F, Br, I or H, w is 1 or 2, and z is 1 or 2,   provided that if Br is present in the compound then the compound includes no hydrogen; and   (b) at least one additional component selected from the group consisting of lubricants, stabilizers, metal passivators, corrosion inhibitors, flammability suppressants, trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11), dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-12), difluoromethane (HFC-32), pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a), difluoroethane (HFC-152a), 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-Heptafluoropropane (HFC-227ea), 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane (HFC-236fa),1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC-245fa), 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane (HFC-365mfc), water, CO 2 , and combinations of two or more of these.   
     
     
         22 . A heat transfer fluid comprising the composition of  claim 21 . 
     
     
         23 . The composition of  claim 1  wherein each R is F in said at least one fluoroalkene of Formula 1(A). 
     
     
         24 . The composition of  claim 19  wherein said at least one fluoroalkene of Formula 1(A) is selected from the group consisting of CF 2 ═CF—CH 2 F (HFO-1234yc), CF 2 ═CH—CF 2 H (HFO-1234zc), trans-CHF═CF—CF 2 H (HFO-1234ye(E)), cis-CHF═CF—CF 2 H (HFO-1234ye(Z)), and combinations of two or more of these. 
     
     
         25 . A heat transfer fluid comprising the composition of  claim 21  wherein said composition comprises at least about 50% by weight of compound(s) in accordance with Formula 1(A). 
     
     
         26 . A heat transfer fluid comprising the composition of  claim 21  wherein said composition comprises at least about 70% by weight of compound(s) in accordance with Formula 1(A). 
     
     
         27 . A solvent extraction method comprising solvent extracting a material by contacting said material with a compound of selected from Formula IA or Formula II below:
   CF w H 2-w ═CR—CF z R 3-z   (IA)
   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       where
 each R is independently Cl, F, Br, I or H, provided that in Formula (II) at least one R is chlorine, 
 w is 1 or 2, 
 z is 1 or 2, 
 R′ is (CR 2 ) n Y, 
 Y is CRF 2    
 and n is 0, 1, 2 or 3, provided that if Br is present in the compound then the compound includes no hydrogen. 
 
     
     
         28 . The method of  claim 27  wherein said material comprises at least one alkaloid. 
     
     
         29 . The method of  claim 28  wherein said at least one alkaloid is derived from at least one plant source. 
     
     
         30 . A method of depositing catalyst on a solid support comprising precipitating particles of said catalyst from a compound of selected from Formula IA or Formula II below:
   CF w H 2-w ═CR—CF z R 3-z   (IA)
   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       where
 each R is independently Cl, F, Br, I or H, provided that in Formula (II) at least one R is chlorine, 
 w is 1 or 2, 
 z is 1 or 2, 
 R′ is (CR 2 ) n Y, 
 Y is CRF 2    
 and n is 0, 1, 2 or 3, provided that if Br is present in the compound then the compound includes no hydrogen. 
 
     
     
         31 . The blowing agent of  claim 3  wherein said at least one additional component comprises methylformate. 
     
     
         32 . The blowing agent of  claim 3  wherein said at least one additional component comprises from about 15% to about 85% by weight of at least one hydrocarbon selected from the group consisting of iso-pentane, normal-pentane, cyclo-pentane, butane and iso-butane and combinations of these. 
     
     
         33 . The blowing agent of  claim 32  wherein said at least one additional component further comprises water. 
     
     
         34 . The blowing agent of  claim 32  wherein said water is present in an amount of from about 1% to about 10% by weight of the composition. 
     
     
         35 . The blowing agent of  claim 3  wherein said at least one additional component comprises from about 15% to about 50% by weight of at least one hydrocarbon selected from the group consisting of iso-pentane, normal-pentane, cyclo-pentane, butane and iso-butane and combinations of these. 
     
     
         36 . The blowing agent of  claim 20  wherein said CO 2  water is present in a supercritical or near supercritical state.