Human pluripotent stem cells produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer

Abstract

Human pluripotent embryonic stem cells produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer as well as methods of making and using said human pluripotent embryonic stem cells are disclosed.

1 . A method of producing a human pluripotent embryonic stem cell, the method comprising:
 enucleating a human oocyte obtained from an oocyte donor by removing the MII spindle in a manner that does not lower levels of maturation promoting factor, thereby producing a cytoplast;   contacting a human donor nucleus with an HVJ-E extract;   contacting the cytoplast with the human donor nucleus thereby producing an SCNT embryo;   treating the human oocyte and/or the cytoplast and/or the donor nucleus and/or the SCNT embryo with at least 0.5 mM caffeine;   applying a first electroporation pulse to the SCNT embryo, thereby producing an activated SCNT embryo;   culturing the activated SCNT embryo in a first media comprising 6-DMAP;   culturing the activated SCNT embryo in a second media comprising TSA;   culturing the activated SCNT embryo in a third media thereby producing a blastocyst;   culturing the blastocyst on a feeder layer;   selecting a cell with an embryonic stem cell-like morphology.   
     
     
         2 . The method of  claim 1  wherein the human oocyte was obtained from a donation cycle of 15 or fewer oocytes. 
     
     
         3 . The method of  claim 1  wherein the human oocyte was obtained from an oocyte donor previously treated with a GnRH antagonist. 
     
     
         4 . The method of  claim 3  wherein the GnRH antagonist comprises ganirelix. 
     
     
         5 . The method of  claim 1  further comprising obtaining the human oocyte from the oocyte donor. 
     
     
         6 . The method of  claim 1  wherein removing the MII spindle is performed using a polarized microscope. 
     
     
         7 . The method of  claim 1  wherein the donor nucleus is included within a donor cell. 
     
     
         8 . The method of  claim 7  further comprising contacting the donor cell with trypsin thereby producing a disaggregated donor cell. 
     
     
         9 . The method of  claim 1  wherein treating with the protein phosphatase inhibitor occurs during both enucleation of the human oocyte and contacting the SCNT embryo with the donor nucleus. 
     
     
         10 . The method of  claim 1  wherein the protein phosphatase inhibitor comprises caffeine. 
     
     
         11 . The method of  claim 1  further comprising treating the human oocyte and/or the enucleated oocyte and/or the SCNT embryo with between 0.5 mM and 2.5 mM caffeine. 
     
     
         12 . The method of  claim 1  further comprising applying a second electroporation pulse. 
     
     
         13 . The method of  claim 12  wherein the first electroporation pulse is a 50 μs DC pulse of 2.7 kV cm −1  and wherein the second electroporation pulse is a 50 μs DC pulse of 2.7 kV cm −1 . 
     
     
         14 . The method of  claim 1  wherein the first media comprises at least 2 mM 6-DMAP. 
     
     
         15 . The method of  claim 14  further comprising culturing the activated SCNT embryo in the first media for at least 4 hours. 
     
     
         16 . The method of  claim 1  wherein the second media comprises at least 10 mM TSA. 
     
     
         17 . The method of  claim 1  wherein the third media comprises BSA and β-mercaptoethanol. 
     
     
         18 . The method of  claim 1  further comprising characterizing the selected cells with embryonic stem-cell like morphologies as human pluripotent embryonic stem cells comprising donor nucleus nuclear DNA and oocyte donor mitochondrial DNA.