Polymorphic surface systems and methods

Abstract

A polymorphic surface may be provided by applying at least one magnetic field across a plurality of movable surface contour elements and selectively passing a current through the magnetic field(s) adjacent selected surface contour elements, with the current being perpendicular to the magnetic field. The current interacts with the magnetic field to generate a Lorentz force driving guided substantially linear motion of the respective surface contour element(s). The surface contour elements may be individually moveable and individually selectable for application of current to generate movement. The surface contour elements may be supported in position after removing the current. The current applied across each selected surface contour element may be varied to control the amount of guided substantially linear motion.

What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . A polymorphic surface system, comprising:
 a guide structure;   a plurality of individual cavities formed in the guide structure;   a plurality of surface contour elements, each surface contour element being received in a respective one of the individual cavities for reciprocal substantially linear motion therein;   each of the surface contour elements having at least one electrically conductive path thereon;   each of the cavities having a magnetic field extending thereacross;   electrical contacts associated with each cavity, wherein for each cavity:   the electrical contacts comprise at least one first side electrical contact and at least one second side electrical contact;   the at least one first side electrical contact is electrically isolated from the at least one second side electrical contact except for the electrically conductive path on the respective surface contour element in the cavity;   the at least one electrically conductive path on the respective surface contour element in the cavity maintains electrical communication between the at least one first side electrical contact and the at least one second side electrical contact over a range of the reciprocal substantially linear motion of the respective surface contour element within the respective cavity; and   the at least one first side electrical contact, the at least one electrically conductive path on the respective surface contour element in the cavity and the at least one second side electrical contact cooperate to form a circuit segment of an electrical circuit across the cavity;   the electrical circuit including a controller adapted to address the circuit segments to selectively apply current to, and remove current from, one or more selected circuit segments; and   whereby upon application of current to a selected one of the circuit segments, the applied current interacts with the magnetic field across the respective cavity to generate a Lorentz force that drives substantially linear motion of the respective surface contour element within the respective cavity.   
     
     
         2 . The polymorphic surface system of  claim 1 , wherein:
 the magnetic field across each cavity is substantially perpendicular to the reciprocal substantially linear motion of the respective surface contour element within the respective cavity; and   current flowing through the circuit segment is substantially perpendicular to the magnetic field across the cavity and is also substantially perpendicular to the reciprocal substantially linear motion of the respective surface contour element within the respective cavity.   
     
     
         3 . The polymorphic surface system of  claim 1 , wherein the controller is adapted to selectively control the current applied to a selected one of the circuit segments. 
     
     
         4 . The polymorphic surface system of  claim 1 , wherein a single magnetic field extends across all of the cavities. 
     
     
         5 . The polymorphic surface system of  claim 4 , wherein the guide structure comprises a magnetized ferromagnetic material to generate the single magnetic field. 
     
     
         6 . The polymorphic surface system of  claim 1 , wherein a plurality of individual magnets are arranged to provide each cavity with its own magnetic field. 
     
     
         7 . The polymorphic surface system of  claim 6 , wherein the individual magnets are internal to the surface contour elements. 
     
     
         8 . The polymorphic surface system of  claim 6 , wherein the individual magnets are electromagnets. 
     
     
         9 . The polymorphic surface system of  claim 1 , wherein the cavities and the surface contour elements received therein are arranged in a regular grid. 
     
     
         10 . The polymorphic surface system of  claim 1 , wherein:
 each surface contour element has a respective length, width and thickness;   the length being measured parallel to the reciprocal substantially linear motion of the respective surface contour element;   the length of each surface contour element is substantially greater than its width; and   the width of each surface contour element is substantially greater than its thickness.   
     
     
         11 . The polymorphic surface system of  claim 1 , wherein:
 each surface contour element has a head having a generally planar superior surface; and   the heads of the surface contour elements cooperate to form a polymorphic surface.   
     
     
         12 . The polymorphic surface system of  claim 1 , further comprising a resilient surface layer over the surface contour elements. 
     
     
         13 . The polymorphic surface system of  claim 1 , wherein the surface contour elements comprise a magnetic material. 
     
     
         14 . The polymorphic surface system of  claim 1 , wherein the surface contour elements are arranged in the cavities to move substantially in parallel with one another. 
     
     
         15 . The polymorphic surface system of  claim 1 , wherein the cavities are in valve-governed fluid communication with a fluid source for selectively:
 introducing fluid into the cavities and sealing the fluid within the cavities to support the surface contour elements in the cavity after discontinuing the applied current; and   withdrawing the fluid from the cavities to release the surface contour elements.   
     
     
         16 . The polymorphic surface system of  claim 1 , wherein the controller is further adapted to detect a linear position of each surface contour element relative to its respective cavity. 
     
     
         17 . The polymorphic surface system of  claim 1 , wherein the controller is further adapted to detect resistance to substantially linear motion of individual ones of the surface contour elements by comparing an expected rate of substantially linear motion to an actual rate of substantially linear motion. 
     
     
         18 . The polymorphic surface system of  claim 1 , wherein the controller is further adapted to detect induced current across each circuit segment, wherein the induced current is induced by movement of the surface contour element under external force. 
     
     
         19 . A method for dynamically forming a surface topography, the method comprising:
 applying at least one magnetic field across a plurality of movable surface contour elements; and   selectively passing a current through the at least one magnetic field adjacent selected ones of the surface contour elements;   so that for each selected surface contour element, the current interacts with the magnetic field to generate a Lorentz force that drives guided substantially linear motion of the respective surface contour element.   
     
     
         20 . The method of  claim 19 , wherein the current is substantially perpendicular to the at least one magnetic field and the guided substantially linear motion of the respective selected surface contour element is substantially perpendicular to both the at least one magnetic field thereacross and to the current. 
     
     
         21 . The method of  claim 19 , further comprising supporting the surface contour elements in position after removing the current. 
     
     
         22 . The method of  claim 19 , further comprising controlling the current passed through the at least one magnetic field adjacent each selected surface contour element to control an amount of guided substantially linear motion of that selected surface contour element. 
     
     
         23 . The method of  claim 19 , wherein the at least one magnetic field is a single magnetic field. 
     
     
         24 . The method of  claim 23 , wherein selectively passing a current through the at least one magnetic field adjacent selected individual ones of the surface contour elements comprises selectively applying the current across the selected individual ones of the surface contour elements. 
     
     
         25 . The method of  claim 19 , wherein the at least one magnetic field is a plurality of individual magnetic fields, each individual magnetic field being generated by a respective surface contour element. 
     
     
         26 . The method of  claim 25 , wherein selectively passing a current through the at least one magnetic field adjacent selected individual ones of the surface contour elements comprises carrying a current past the selected individual ones of the surface contour elements. 
     
     
         27 . A polymorphic surface system, comprising:
 a guide structure;   a plurality of individual cavities formed in the guide structure;   a plurality of surface contour elements, each surface contour element being received in a respective one of the individual cavities for reciprocal substantially linear motion therein;   each of the surface contour elements generating a respective magnetic field;   respective circuit segments of an electrical circuit extending across each cavity;   the electrical circuit including a controller adapted to address the circuit segments to selectively apply current to, and remove current from, one or more selected circuit segments;   whereby upon application of current to a selected one of the circuit segments, the applied current interacts with the respective magnetic field to generate a Lorentz force that drives substantially linear motion of the respective surface contour element within the respective cavity.   
     
     
         28 . The polymorphic surface system of  claim 27 , wherein:
 the magnetic field generated by each surface contour element is substantially perpendicular to the reciprocal substantially linear motion of the respective surface contour element within the respective cavity; and   current flowing through the circuit segment is substantially perpendicular to the magnetic field and is also substantially perpendicular to the reciprocal substantially linear motion of the respective surface contour element within the respective cavity.   
     
     
         29 . A method for dynamically forming a surface topography, the method comprising:
 passing at least one current through a plurality of movable surface contour elements; and   selectively applying at least one magnetic field across selected ones of the surface contour elements;   so that for each selected surface contour element, the current interacts with the magnetic field to generate a Lorentz force that drives guided substantially linear motion of the respective surface contour element.   
     
     
         30 . The method of  claim 29 , wherein the current is substantially perpendicular to the at least one magnetic field and the guided substantially linear motion of the respective selected surface contour element is substantially perpendicular to both the at least one magnetic field thereacross and to the current.